New england vs virginia Flashcards
Virginias poor life expectancy
Life expectancy was 40 years of age, with a 40% morality rate. Due to rampant disease. Of 105 young men who travelled to chesapeake bay in 1607 by November of 1608 only 38 are alive.
Number of indentured servant mirgants to Virginia between 1620-1680
80% of migrants to Virginia were unskilled male indentured servants
Number of women in the Virginia colony as of 1660
as of 1660 only 1/5 of the population was female. With the women having 1-3 children.
Virginian work conditions
Had to work 14HRs a day, 6 days a week
Lack of parental authoirty it Virginia
70% of children lost a parent between 0-18 years of age, this lead to a vacuum of parental authority . Lead to a hedonistic society. With few marrages
First Africans arrive in Virginia
First african recorded in Virginia 1619
Virgina Slave codes
1705, the slave codes establishes perpetual slavery of people of african descent. This coupled with the Virginia decree that the child follows the mothers condition. Meaning if the mother is in slavery the child will be a slave also.
Why slaves were better than indentured servants
Indentured servants had to work for 4-7 years of unpaid work and then they would be free to own and culitvate land of their own, creating competition for the planters they used to work for. This coupled with it becoming increasingly hard to recruit mirgants to work as servants . Whilst there was a wide availibity of slaves due to the English victory in the Anglo-Dutch war of 1664/1667
Virginias Slave population
In 60 years from 1680 to 1740 the percentage of Africans in Virginia rose from 11% to 40%
New England-Two Groups
Puritains- Devout puritains escaping religious percecution, who hoped to create a model puritan society.
Seperatists - Known as the Pilgrims, sought to seperate from the church on England which they consider to be corrupt.
Virginias Economy
Huge boom in tabacco in europe in the 17th centuary lead to the Jamestown tobacco growing frenzy in 1617 as Virginian colonists used their new land to plant cash crops in order to make optimal profits.
New England Economy
No cash crop such as tobacco, more subistance farming so there was less of a need for slaves. With the labour being done by the colonists themselves. Mainly fishing/shipbuilding/lumber.
New England Slave pop
7% of the population by 1700
New England emigration demographics
Emigrated in family groups, which lead to a natural population increase. New England had less disease, lower mortality rate and better nutrition than virginia so a higher life expectancy also.
Differences between Puritain and Seperatist colonisation in New England
Puritan- Emigrated 1630 and settle massachetts bay from the ship the arbella. With them recieving a royal charter which allows the government to be located in the colony not in England. Governer- John Winthrop
Seperatist- Emigrated 1620, settled Plymouth from the ship the mayflower. Governer- William Bradford