New england vs virginia Flashcards
Virginias poor life expectancy
Life expectancy was 40 years of age, with a 40% morality rate. Due to rampant disease. Of 105 young men who travelled to chesapeake bay in 1607 by November of 1608 only 38 are alive.
Number of indentured servant mirgants to Virginia between 1620-1680
80% of migrants to Virginia were unskilled male indentured servants
Number of women in the Virginia colony as of 1660
as of 1660 only 1/5 of the population was female. With the women having 1-3 children.
Virginian work conditions
Had to work 14HRs a day, 6 days a week
Lack of parental authoirty it Virginia
70% of children lost a parent between 0-18 years of age, this lead to a vacuum of parental authority . Lead to a hedonistic society. With few marrages
First Africans arrive in Virginia
First african recorded in Virginia 1619
Virgina Slave codes
1705, the slave codes establishes perpetual slavery of people of african descent. This coupled with the Virginia decree that the child follows the mothers condition. Meaning if the mother is in slavery the child will be a slave also.
Why slaves were better than indentured servants
Indentured servants had to work for 4-7 years of unpaid work and then they would be free to own and culitvate land of their own, creating competition for the planters they used to work for. This coupled with it becoming increasingly hard to recruit mirgants to work as servants . Whilst there was a wide availibity of slaves due to the English victory in the Anglo-Dutch war of 1664/1667
Virginias Slave population
In 60 years from 1680 to 1740 the percentage of Africans in Virginia rose from 11% to 40%
New England-Two Groups
Puritains- Devout puritains escaping religious percecution, who hoped to create a model puritan society.
Seperatists - Known as the Pilgrims, sought to seperate from the church on England which they consider to be corrupt.
Virginias Economy
Huge boom in tabacco in europe in the 17th centuary lead to the Jamestown tobacco growing frenzy in 1617 as Virginian colonists used their new land to plant cash crops in order to make optimal profits.
New England Economy
No cash crop such as tobacco, more subistance farming so there was less of a need for slaves. With the labour being done by the colonists themselves. Mainly fishing/shipbuilding/lumber.
New England Slave pop
7% of the population by 1700
New England emigration demographics
Emigrated in family groups, which lead to a natural population increase. New England had less disease, lower mortality rate and better nutrition than virginia so a higher life expectancy also.
Differences between Puritain and Seperatist colonisation in New England
Puritan- Emigrated 1630 and settle massachetts bay from the ship the arbella. With them recieving a royal charter which allows the government to be located in the colony not in England. Governer- John Winthrop
Seperatist- Emigrated 1620, settled Plymouth from the ship the mayflower. Governer- William Bradford
New England Puritain ‘the great migration’
the great migration- end of 1630, 1000 settlers
1630-1643 20,000 settlers migrated and Boston was founded.
New England parental authority
Most men marry, with women marrying young and having 5-7 children compares to 1-3 in Virginia. With the longer life expectancy lead to more Grandparents with more control over their children and thus a more obedient society.
New England and Virginia Political differences
New England- Every adult man could speak and vote at town meetings, with farmers having more political power than anywhere else in the world. By 1634 each town sent two representatives to the general court.
Virginia- Due to the large amount of upperclasses who moved refusing to work manual labour jobs and rampant disease lead to large deaths in the colony. To improve the situation John Smith is appointed governer and imposes military discipline used to force the upper classes to work. Also marries pocahontas a powatan cheifs daughter to imporve relations. (only 12 deaths whilst john smith is governer) (Becomes a proto miltary dictatorship)
New England Religion
Very devout, looking to create a ‘holy commonwealth’, with religion controlling the government. People taxed to pay for the church ministries and you had to be a member of the church to vote. Church attendance was compulsary, with a strict code of moral conduct, with criminal codes based on the old testiment.
Virgina starving time
1609-1610
Land ownership New England
Broad property ownership, which is more equally distrbuted than Virginia, with a higher concentraion of towns in New England, each self-governing
Migrant demographics to New England Colony
Middle racking migrants; Farmers, Tradesmen, Carpenters 1/5 of the population indentured servants, with a large proportion of the remaining population being educated and literate, often at university.
New England colony native american encounters
Fewer native americans than Virginia due to small pox from a higher concentration of European colonists. The puritains saw them selves as gods people. ‘With the small pox being an act of god’. Natives hadnt ‘subdued land’ Genesis 1:28
This coupled with the ‘Great migration’ of colonists to New England between 1630-1640, lead to the Pequot war 1637-1638 where 500 Pequot were massicred. Partially due to the puritains seeing the Indians as savages.
With the indians outnumbers John Elliot translates the bible into Algonquin one of the largest north american lanuguage groups.
This accompanied the founding of praying towns in the native american land, which aims to convert the Indians .
Virginian Native american encounters
The good relations between the colonists and the native powhatan collapse in 1618 when chief Wahunsenacawh father of Pocahontas dies and his brother Opchanacanough take to power/
And subsequently attacks the colony in march 22th 1622 killing 347 of 1200 settlers.
