New Elizabthen Revision Flashcards
Why did The Revolt of the Northern Earls happen? (1569-70)
The earls wanted to make the country Catholic again as they were under a protestant monarch. The earls had lost much of their influence in court. Also, Elizabeth refused to name an heir to the throne, and did not want to marry or have children, this created uncertainty. The earls feraed they would lose wealth.
The marriage plan
Mary was going to marry the Duke of Norfolk and depose of Queen Elizabeth and become queen herself. She even told the Spanish ambassador that she would be queen.
Robert Dudley found out about this plan and told Elizabeth. Norfol was arrested and imprisoned
The revolt
Northumberland and Westmorland continued the revolt despite Norfolk being imprisoned. They took over Durham Cathedral and held Catholic mass in it. Mary was moved to coventry so she could not escape and join the rebels. Promised Spanish support for the revoly never arrived
Why did the revolt fail
- support from spain never arrived
- many Northern landowners stayed loyal to the queen
- many landowners didnt want to risk losing there wealth
The revolts significance
- showed mary QOS could not be trusted
- the Pope excommunicated Elizabeth and wanted her deposed
- harsher steps taken against catholics
- elizabeths control over Northern England was tightened
The threat of Mary QOS
Mary QOS was Elizabeth’s second cousin. Therefore she was the on,y heir to the thrown. She was a catholic and did not agree with protestantism. Therefore she had every incentive to depose of Elizabeth with Catholic support from home and abroad.
Ridolfi Plot (1971)
Ridolfi was an Ittalian banker who worked in England as a spy for the Pope. Ridolfi planned on murdering Elizabeth, start a spanish invasion, and put Mary on the thrown. He travelled to Netherlands amd met Phillip 2, pope and duke of alba to discuss the plot. He had a letter signed by duke of norfolk sayimg he would lead the catholics. William Cecil discovered plot and proved Norfolk was guilty.
What haooened after ridolfi plot
Parliment commanded Mary and Norfolk to be executed however Elizabeth didnt let this happen to Mary-norfolk executed.
Throckmorton plot (1583)
The French duke of guise, cousin of mary, plotted to invade England and free mary. Francis Throckmorton, a young englishmen would pass letters between the plotters and mary.
Sir Francis Walsingham (secretary of state) discovered the plot in May 1583. Walsingham had spies and they found the papers at Throckmortons house which linked him to it.
Babington plot (1586)
Duke of Guise would kill Elizabeth and put Mary in charge with support from pope and spain. Anthony Babington wrote to mary about the conspiracy. Sir Francis Walsingham once again intercepted these letters which declared Mary’s involvement. Babington and plotters were hanged. October 1586 Mary was sentenced to death. She was beheaded.
Spanish religious rivalry
Phillip 2, backed by the pope saw protestantism as a threat to the Catholic Church. Many Protestants saw Spain and catholicsm as a threat. Phillip 2 became involved in the plots against Elizabeth.
Netherlands was owned by spain since the 1400’s but many Dutch became protestants. The Duke of Alba had a brutal campaign in Netherlands to restore catholicism, this angered Elizabeth’s government.
Spanish Commercial rivalry
Spain and England had emerged as commercial rivals. Spain had access to the New World markets and conquered cuba and mexico which gave them a vast income. They also blocked off Englands trade routes which prevented them from making money. Therefore, Francis Drake raided Spanish ships (one raid making 40,000) and travelled far for resources. In his circumnavigation of the globe he achived (400,000) and a lot was from spanish ships. Elizabeth knighted him which infuriated Spain.
Why did Phillip launch the Armada?
Religious conflict- wanted to place a catholic on the thrown, papacy wanted to overthrow Elizabeth, the Pope promised forgiveness to those partaking in the Armada
Politics- Treaty of Joinville (1584) meant Spain could attack England without France war, England would be useful to Phillips empire. Elizabeth then signed treaty of Nonsuch (1585) which officialy put them at war.
Phillips strategy
130 ships 2400 guns to sail the Channel to the Netherlands
Ships would join forces and transport 27,000 troops to Kent
Spanish army would then attack London and overthrow Elizabeth
What happened to the Armada 1588?
29th July-Armada spotted in English channel
31st July-Battle of Plymouth(two spanish ahip captured)
3-4th August-Battle of Isle of Wight where Spanish ships are outgunned and forced further up the channel
8th August-Battle of Gravelines where fireships cause Spanish to panic and the Spanish fleet never make it to Netherlands and scatter
