NEW 2022

Question 1

T/F: Augmented corticotomy have the added benefit of the RAP effect - Ahn

Answer 1

T - regional acceleratory phenomenon

Question 2

Decompensation prior to class III surgical correction has more favorable outcomes for the mandibular anterior teeth when a _______________ is preformed - Ahn

Answer 2

augmented corticotomy

Question 3

augmented corticotomy procedure includes - Ahn

Answer 3

selective decortication’s around target teeth and ABG with particulate grafting material

Question 4

when considering an augmented corticotomy procedure, which anterior teeth are high risk sited for dehiscence - Ahn

Answer 4

mandibular canines

Question 5

Indications for augmented corticotomy (degrees and current thickness) in patients requiring labioversion - Ahn

Answer 5

>5 deg (IMPA) and labial alveolar bone thickness <1mm

Question 6

are vertical corticotomies running parallel to the roots of target teeth connected via horizontal corticotomy? where? - Ahn

Answer 6

yes, 2-3mm below apices

Question 7

in experiment with augmented corticotomy procedure, the experimental and control group showed similar results for … - Ahn

Answer 7

upper alveolar thickness (both decreased significantly) and root length (both decreased significantly)

Question 8

Experimental group with augmented corticotomy showed an increase in labial alveolar bone thickness, where specifically? - Ahn

Answer 8

middle and lower third

Question 9

a _____________ jaw pattern increases the risk of gingival recession and alveolar bone loss because it is accompanied by a ________ _________ and vertical elongation of the incisors - Ahn

Answer 9

hyperdivergent; thin symphysis

Question 10

One difference between experimental and control group with augmented corticotomy procedure was maintenance of _________ dimension of alveolar bone in experimental group and a _______ mention vert-L1 value. This is important because the AP position of incurs affects about of many setback possible. - Ahn

Answer 10

vertical; doubled

Question 11

in finite element studies, the PDL is assumed to be ______mm thick - Chae

Answer 11

0.2mm

Question 12

in a finite element study, the venter of resistance of the whole mandibular dentition fixed with a rigid arch wire is roughly ___mm anterior and ___mm apical to the first molar bracket - Chae

Answer 12

2.5mm, 8mm

Question 13

In a finite element study, the mandibular dentition fixed with a rigid arch wire, the whole dentition will move as 1 united body. The movement is dependent on the _______ __ ________ of the force in relation to the center of resistance, NOT on the amount of force - Chae

Answer 13

line of action

Question 14

In a finite element study: when the line of action is identical, rigid and elastic wires produce he same occlusal plane rotation, but differ in that more ________ is observed with elastic wires due to elastic deflection of the arch wire - Chae

Answer 14

tipping

Question 15

In borderline mild-moderate class III cases, TAD assisted camouflage can be used for group distalization of the mandibular dentition using different biomechanics strategies according to angulations of the occlusal plane. Name the clinical situations which can be replicated with TADs - Chae

Answer 15

1. Mand. cervical headgear therapy (-30 degrees)
2. Mand. TADs and intraoral elastics (-30 to 0 deg)
3. Maxillary TADs and Class III elastics (15 to 30 deg)
4. High pull HG or MEAW + class III elastics (15- to 30 deg)

Question 16

In a finite element study on mand. dentition distalization, the amount of ___________, ___________, and _______ __________ increased and the occlusal plane became more _________ as force angle increased - Chae

Answer 16

distalization, extrusion and lingual tipping ; CCW

Question 17

In a finite element study on mand. dentition distalization, distalization without significant vertical movement occurred with a force angulation of ___ degreed - Chae

Answer 17

-15 degrees

Question 18

The minimum amount of vertical space required for a fixed screw retained (implant level) implant prostheses is ____mm - Carpentieri

Answer 18

4-5mm

(measured from implant platform of the opposing arch)

Question 19

The minimum amount of vertical space required for a fixed screw retained (abutment level) implant prostheses is ____mm - Carpentieri

Answer 19

7.5mm

Question 20

The minimum amount of vertical space required for a fixed cement retained implant prostheses is ____mm - Carpentieri

Answer 20

7-8mm

I]although ideally, an interocclusal space of 9 through 10 mm in the posterior dentition and 10 through 12 mm in the anterior dentition is desired to provide better crown esthetics and increased retention

Question 21

The minimum amount of vertical space required for a unsplinted overdenture implant prostheses is ____mm - Carpentieri

Answer 21

7mm

Question 22

The minimum amount of vertical space required for a bar overdenture implant prostheses is ____mm - Carpentieri

Answer 22

11mm

Question 23

The minimum amount of vertical space required for a fixed screw-retained hybrid implant prostheses is ____mm - Carpentieri

Answer 23

15mm

Question 24

Classifications for measuring restorative space with respect to horizontal ridge resorption: ____ - ____ mm is regarded as minimal resorption, ____ - ____ mm as moderate resorption, and > ___ mm as advanced resorption. - Carpentieri

Answer 24

0-4mm

5-10mm

> 10mm

Question 25

This restorative space consists of 3 different zones, name them - Carpentieri

Answer 25

1. Peri-implant soft-tissue zone, Ideally, 3 mm height and 2 mm of width 2. Abutment zone - 4 mm is the minimum height 3. Restorative zone - from the most coronal aspect of abutment to the opposing arch - requirements vary according to restorative material

Question 26

When extra oral force is intended to limit maxillary growth, how many g/lbs of cervical force are used? - Armstrong

Answer 26

400gm or 1-2lbs (Graber and cited in Profitt); other sources say 3-5lbs

Question 27

What is the effect on the molar if the position of the outer bow places the line of pull at line A? - Armstrong

Answer 27

distal tipping and intrusion; LOP is apical the CR

Question 28

What is the effect on the molar if the position of the outer bow places the line of pull at line B? - Armstrong

Answer 28

distal bodily movement and intrusion; LOP goes through the CR

Question 29

What is the effect on the molar if the position of the outer bow places the line of pull at line C? - Armstrong

Answer 29

distal tipping and intrusion; the LOP is occlusal to the CR

Question 30

Bilateral horizontal force has been used routinely in the ___ - ___ pound range (a total to the maxilla of ___ - ___ pounds) - Armtrong

Answer 30

2.5 - 3 lbs total 5 - 7lbs

Question 31

Clinical experience indicates that extremely heavy extraoral force is not uncomfortable to the patient as long as there is no _______ component - Armstrong

Answer 31

downward/extrusive extrusion of teeth causes traumatic occlusion, mobility, and soreness - happens with only cervial pull HG

Question 32

orthodontic extrusion aka: - Hochman

Answer 32

forced eruption

Question 33

periodontal consists of: - Hochman

Answer 33

gingiva bone PDL cementum

Question 34

to determine ST response to orthodontic extrusion, what procedures must be done prior to its initiation

Answer 34

1. measure sulcus (pocket depth) 2. determine position of MGJ relative to crest of bone 3. bone sounding

Question 35

when trying to determine the position of an impacted canine, which conventional radiograph (non-CBCT) had higher sensitivity in detecting _resorption_ and _tooth position_ - Tsolakis

Answer 35

panoramic

Question 36

when trying to determine the position of an impacted canine, which conventional radiographs (2) (non-CBCT) had higher specificity and positive predictive value - Tsolakis

Answer 36

occlusal films PAs

Question 37

when using a panoramic image to locate an impacted caning, the magnification method may be applied which is based on the principle that when the teeth move farther away from the film, they appear _______ compared with the contralateral teeth aligned in the dental arch - tsolakis

Answer 37

larger

Question 38

A full scan of the face and cranium (FOV \> .15 cm) \*can\* be as low as ___ mSv, and the effective dose for a panoramic radiograph ranges from ___ - ___ mSv, while a complete intramural series \_\_\_mSv - Tsolakis

Answer 38

52 6-50 35

Question 39

When comparing localization of impacted teeth, there was no disagreement of the examiners when they used ________ images. - Tsolakis

Answer 39

CBCT

Question 40

This imaging technique seems to be the only reliable and accurate diagnostic method for the exact 3D localization of impacted maxillary canines and root resorption of the adjacent teeth - Tsolakis

Answer 40

CBCT

Question 41

T/F: The periodontal conditions and the occlusal function on sides with previously impacted canines and on sides with normally erupted canines were significantly different - D’Amico

Answer 41

False - they were similar

Question 42

T/F: In lateral movements of the mandible, no differences in contact pattern were found between sides with normally erupted canines and sides with impacted canines - D’Amico

Answer 42

False, significant differences were found

Question 43

Canine rise occurred more often on working sides with (1)(normally/impacted) erupted canines than with (2)(normally/impacted) canines.- D’Amico

Answer 43

1. normally 2. impacted

Question 44

The prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is \_\_\_\_– \_\_\_% - D'Amico

Answer 44

0.9 - 2.2%

Question 45

In cases of impacted maxillary canines, resorption of the central or lateral incisor roots can be expected to be present in almost \_\_\_% of the cases and to be ___ times as common in girls as in boys - D'Amico

Answer 45

50% 3

Question 46

About \_\_\_% more resorptions are detected with computerized tomography (CT) compared with conventional radiographic methods - D'Amico

Answer 46

50%

Question 47

The evaluation of the periodontal conditions revealed (no/small/significant) differences between the sides with normally erupted canines and the sides with impacted and treated canines in _plaque index_, _gingival index_, or in the _width of the attached gingiva_. - D'Amico

Answer 47

no

Question 48

for patients who has lateral incisors extracted due to canine impaction induced resorption, patients who are dissatisfied with Tx results most often disapprove of __________ - D'Amico

Answer 48

the color

Question 49

In treatment of impacted canines, they can be exposed, bonded and incorporated into the arch or they can be transplanted. In a study comparing outcomes, ALL the teeth with reduced vital response had been \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, whereas ALL of the teeth with ankylotic sounds had been \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - D'Amico

Answer 49

transplanted exposed and bonded

Question 50

It seems to be more difficult to attain a normal inclination in (buccally/palatally) impacted canines - D'Amico

Answer 50

bucally

Question 51

Shape, color, or position of the previously impacted canines (1)(did/did not) differ from that of normally erupted canines. The inclination of the previously impacted canines,(2)(did/did not) differ from that of the normally erupted canines - D'Amico

Answer 51

1. did not 2. did

Question 52

In a patient with congenitally missing lateral incisors and the goal of implant placement, it may be necessary to selectively extract the primary lateral incisor if the crown of the permanent canine is apical to the primary canine root, to encourage eruption adjacent to the central incisor. The goal would be to: - Kinzer

Answer 52

to develop the alveolar ridge

Question 53

name the 4 methods for determining the appropriate spacing for patients with missing U2s

Answer 53

1. **golden proportion** - tooth should be 61.8% wider than the tooth distal to it 2. **width of contralateral incisor** (if it is present and normal) 3. **Bolton analysis** 4. **Diagnostic wax up** - most predictable

Question 54

To have adequate room for the development of the papillae, ___ to \_\_\_ mm of space is recommended between the head of the implant and the adjacent teeth -Kinzer

Answer 54

1.5 - 2.0mm

Question 55

To place an implant, the minimum interradicular distance is generally ___ mm - Kinzer

Answer 55

5mm

Question 56

Name one example where achieving appropriate interradicular spacing for an implant is not possible - Kinzer

Answer 56

Class III compensated cases (because of proclaimed upper anteriors)

Question 57

in adults: as teeth are moved away from each other during space opening, the papilla (remains stationary/ recedes) as the adjacent sulci are everted - Kinzer

Answer 57

remains stationary

Question 58

As the face grows and the mandibular _____ lengthen, teeth must erupt to remain in occlusion - Kinzer

Answer 58

rami

Question 59

The most predictable way to monitor facial growth is by evaluating serial cephalometric radiographs taken \_\_\_\_\_- _____ apart

Answer 59

6 mo - 1 yr

Question 60

While a patient who will receive implants for missing lateral waits to complete growth, with long-term use, a removable retainer can cause problems of tissue ____________ and papillary _________ - Kinzer

Answer 60

inflammation hyperplasia

Question 61

While a patient who will receive implants for missing lateral waits to complete growth, a more appropriate long-term provisional is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This type of restoration keeps excessive pressure off the ridge and can help support the papilla - Kinzer

Answer 61

resin bonded fixed partial denture

Question 62

For implant placement to replace missing U2s, a surgical guide should be fabricated from a diagnostic wax- up. The two most important elements that need to be incorporated into the surgical guide are the __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ position and the anticipated _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ___________ location of the tooth to be replaced

Answer 62

incisal edge free gingival margin

Question 63

Maxillary canines are the most commonly impacted teeth, second only to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - Bedoya

Answer 63

third molars

Question 64

Maxillary canine impaction occurs in approximately \_\_\_% of the population and is \_\_\_\_\_x as common in females as it is in males, and incidence of canine impaction in the maxilla is more than \_\_\_x that in the mandible - Bedoya

Answer 64

2 2 2

Question 65

Approximately ___ / ___ of impacted maxillary canines are located labially, and ___ / ___ are located palatally -Bedoya

Answer 65

⅓ ⅔

Question 66

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is thought to be a primary etiologic factor for labially impacted canines - Bedoya

Answer 66

arch length discrepancy

Question 67

Two major theories associated with palatally displaced maxillary canines are the _____________ theory and _____________ theory - Bedoya

Answer 67

guidance genetic

Question 68

Becker reported an increase of ___ times in the incidence of palatally impacted canines adjacent to the sites of missing lateral incisors - Bedoya

Answer 68

2 x

Question 69

Surgical technique used for bucally impacted canine when the canine cusp is coronal to mucogingival junction (MGJ) when an adequate amount of keratinized gingiva is present and the canine is not covered by bone - Bedoya

Answer 69

gingevectomy

Question 70

Surgical technique used for bucally impacted canine when the canine crown is apical to MGJ and the amount of attached gingiva is minimal ( when\< 3 mm of attached gingiva is present) - Bedoya

Answer 70

apically positioned flap

Question 71

Surgical canine exposure technique used for bucally impacted canine when tooth is in the center of alveolus; crown is significantly apical to MGJ - Bedoya

Answer 71

closed eruption

Question 72

Surgical canine exposure technique used for palatally impacted canine when canine is located near the lateral and central incisors, horizontally positioned, and higher in the roof of the mouth - Bedoya

Answer 72

closed flap

Question 73

Surgical canine exposure technique used for palatally impacted canine when the patient is in late mixed or permanent dentition and the cusp tip is at the level of the occlusal plane - Bedoya

Answer 73

open eruption

Question 74

Surgical canine exposure technique used for palatally impacted canine when the canine is located near the lateral and central incisors, horizontally positioned, and higher in the roof of the mouth and higher visualization is needed - Bedoya

Answer 74

open window eruption

Question 75

the method of obtaining an occlusal radiograph for canine localization is by positioning the x-ray tube directly over the bridge of the nose, at a \_\_\_\_-degree angle to the occlusal plane. - Bedoya

Answer 75

60

Question 76

when the measurement from the contact point to the crest of bone was ___ mm or less, the papilla was present almost 100% of the time - Tarnow

Answer 76

5mm

Question 77

when the measurement from the contact point to the crest of bone was 6 mm (to7mm), the papilla was present \_\_\_% of the time- Tarnow

Answer 77

56

Question 78

when the measurement from the contact point to the crest of bone was \_\_\_mm or more, the papilla was present 27% of the time - Tarnow

Question 79

Tarnow - the col takes the shape of: 1. the contact area of the adjacent teeth 2. the underlying bone 3. 1 & 2

Answer 79

1. the contact area of the adjacent teeth ONLY (NOT underlying bone)

Question 80

By age 1, the width of the mandible has achieved \_\_\_% of its eventual adult size, and the height has achieved \_\_\_% - Farkas

Answer 80

80% 66.6%

Question 81

By age 5, the height of the mandible has achieved \_\_\_% of its eventual adult size - Farkas

Answer 81

83%

Question 82

chin deviations are expressed easily in mandibular \_\_\_\_gnathism, whereas they occur only with significant right-left differences in relevant maxillofacial structures in individuals with mandibular \_\_\_\_\_gnathism - kim

Answer 82

prognathism retrognathism (recursion)

Question 83

facial asymmetries in skeletal Class III patients occur as the result of greater growth and __________ inclination of the ramus and greater maxillary vertical excess at the (same / opposite ) site. - Kim

Answer 83

mesial opposite

Question 84

Frontal cephalometric analysis revealed (right / left ) side chin deviations to be prominent regardless of the group

Answer 84

left

Question 85

Profitt found that 85% of patients showing dentofacial deformity including jaw deviation had chin deviation to the _________ - Kim

Answer 85

left

Question 86

Comparison of right and left differences between mandibular retrusion and prognathism groups revealed all values to be higher in the retrusion group (especially \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) except for body height, which showed no difference between chin-deviated and contralateral sides. - Kim

Answer 86

rams length

Question 87

Larger differences between chin-deviated and contralateral sides in the mandibular RETRUSION group indicate that chin deviation is affected by while chin deviation is likely to be developed ( evenly / irregularly ) in mandibular PROGNATHIC individuals - Kim

Answer 87

evenly irregularly

Question 88

Zambon - *Actinobacillus actinomycctcmcontitans is a :* 1. motile / non-motile 2. gram - positive / gram-negative 3. capnophilic 4. fermentative 5. cocci / bacillus / coccobacillus

Answer 88

1. non-motile 2. gram-negative 3. capnophili 4. fermentative 5. coccobacillus

Question 89

*A. actinotnycetetncomitans'* primary human ecologic niche is: - Zambon

Answer 89

the oral cavity.

Question 90

*A. actinotnycetetncomitans* is found in dental plaque, in periodontal pockets, and buccal mucosa in up to \_\_\_% of the normal population - Zambon

Answer 90

36%

Question 91

Zambon - There is a large body of evidence which implicates *A. actinomycctctucomitans* as an important microorganism in the etiology of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- (LJP\_ including: 1. Increased prevalence of the organism in almost all (LJP) patients and their families compared to other patient groups 2. LJP patients exhibit elevated antibody levels *AA* in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid: 3. LJP can be successfully treated by eliminating it rom periodontal pockets 4. histopathologic investigations showing that it invades the gingival connective tissue in LJP lesions 5. the demonstration of several pathogenic products from *AA* Including factors which may: 1. facilitate its adherence to mucosal surfaces such as capsular polysaccharidcs; 2. inhibit host defense mechanisms including leukotoxin, a polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis inhibiting factor, and a lymphocyte suppressing factor 3. cause tissue destruction such as lipopolysaccharide endotoxin, a bone resorption- inducing toxin, acid and alkaline phosphatases, collagenase, a fibroblast inhibiting factor and an epitheliotoxin

Answer 91

localized juvenile periodontitis

Question 92

*A. aetinomycetemcomitans* grows poorly in air but grows well in 5% CO2 in air or under __________ conditions - Zambon

Answer 92

anaerobic

Question 93

Our own studies of oral *actinomycetemcomitaits* distinguished ___ serotypes - Zambon

Answer 93

3

Question 94

serotype (a / b / c ) is increased in localized juvenile periodontitis implicating its antigen as particularly important in the pathogenesis of this periodontal disease - Zambon

Answer 94

B

Question 95

A combination of systemic antibiotics and conventional periodontal therapy appears to be the optimal treatment for localized juvenile periodontitis due to the ability of AA to invade gingival ______________________ - Zambon

Answer 95

connective tissue

Question 96

T/F: The *A. aetinomyeetemeomitans* organism can be transferred from juvenile periodontitis lesions to healthy periodontal sites in the same person by routine periodontal probing but does not permanently colonize these areas - Zambon

Answer 96

True

Question 97

Zambon - A microorganism must fulfill 4 criteria in order to be pathogenic. 1. it must ____________ to host tissues 2. it must grow and multiply in the host's environment by utilizing the available nutritional resources 3. it must evade host _____________ mechanisms 4. it must be capable of ___________ host tissues

Answer 97

attach defense damaging

Question 98

A key histopathologic feature of localized juvenile periodontitis which distinguishes it from other forms of periodontitis is extensive loss of ___________ from the gingival connective tissue - Zambon

Answer 98

collagen

Question 99

T/ F: leveling of the curve of Spee is a relatively stable treatment procedure compared with a return of incisor crowding and deepening of the bite - Praeter

Answer 99

True

Question 100

Praeter - Which is an indicator for the amount of relapse: 1. the initial depth of the curve of Spee 2. The initial irregularity index 3. Both 4. Neither

Answer 100

4. Neither

Question 101

the amount of leveling ( is / is not ) correlated with the relapse of the 4 tested parameters (curve of Spee, irregularity index, overjet, and overbite) - Praeter

Answer 101

is not

Question 102

there is a ( mild / moderate / strong ) correlation between the relapse of the curve of Spee and the relapse of the irregularity index, overjet, and overbite - Praeter

Answer 102

mild

Question 103

What is this equation? (Acg × Aig) / (Apo × curve of Spee × cusp angle) - Praeter

Answer 103

Articulation equilibrium ## Footnote (*Acg,* angulation of the condylar guidance; * Aig,* angulation of the incisal guidance; * Apo,* angulation of the plane of occlusion)

Question 104

arch length is not necessarily increased during leveling of the curve of Spee as long as the leveling is achieved through: -Praeter

Answer 104

anterior teeth intrusion.

Question 105

Over time, _____________ mandibular dental arch dimensions in both treated and untreated malocclusions seem to be a normal physiologic phenomenon. The degree of resultant crowding is variable and ( predictable / unpredictable ). - Praeter

Answer 105

decreasing unpredictable

Question 106

The postretention increase of lower crowding beyond the acceptable range (\> 3 mm) occurred in nearly \_\_\_% of the cases - prater

Answer 106

70%

Question 107

the extent to which, in the absence of measurement error, the value obtained represents the object of interest - Houston

Answer 107

validity | (also accuracy)

Question 108

the closeness of successive measurements of the same object, aka precision - Houston

Answer 108

Reproducibility

Question 109

the term reliable can encompass which to statistical terms? - Houston

Answer 109

reproducibility and validity

Question 110

Stephens found that the treatment modality does not affect long-term soft tissue profile changes if extraction and nonextraction patients are treated to the same : incisor position and lip line,

Answer 110

incisor position and lip line

Question 111

Extraction patients tend to be ___ - ___ mm flatter, on average, than nonextraction patients at the end of treatment. - stephens

Answer 111

2 - 4mm

Question 112

In Stephens' study he found that **( female / male )** lips became significantly more retrusive in relation to the esthetic lines and showed greater increases in facial convexity

Answer 112

male

Question 113

T/F: In Stephens' study, he states that the results clearly showed that the extraction and nonextraction patients were comparable at the end of treatment.

Answer 113

True

Question 114

There was no difference in raters’ perception and preference of buccal crown torque in **( canines/ posteriors )** only or in the **( canines/ posteriors )** teeth related to the size of the buccal corrditors - Ker

Answer 114

canines posteriors

Question 115

In the Hodges study evaluating ST changes after extraction Treatment, **( adolescents / adults )** showed significant increases in anterior and posterior face height, while **( adolescents / adults )** demonstrated only a small increase in anterior face height.

Answer 115

adolescents adults

Question 116

In the Hodges study evaluating ST changes after extraction Treatment, the upper incisors, which were significantly retroclined in **( adolescents / adults),** maintained their angulation in **( adolescents / adults)**.

Answer 116

adults adolescents

Question 117

In the Hodges study evaluating ST changes after extraction treatment, **( adolescents / adults)** demonstrated more lip retraction compared with **( adolescents / adults)**

Answer 117

adults adolescents

Question 118

In the Hodges study evaluating ST changes after extraction treatment, upper lip thickness increased slightly in **( adolescents / adults)** and decreased slightly in the **( adolescents / adults)**. Lower lip thickness decreased in both groups.

Answer 118

adolescents adults

Question 119

In the Hodges study evaluating ST changes after extraction treatment, the vertical change of _________ was most important for predicting the vertical changes of both the upper and lower lips, probably because it represents a surrogate measure of mandibular displacement.

Answer 119

pogonion

Question 120

In the Hodges study evaluating ST changes after extraction treatment, ____________ and ___________ showed the strongest relationship to upper and lower lip retraction, respectively, suggesting that the region immediately apical to the crown is singularly most important when evaluating lip retraction.

Answer 120

Prosthion infradentale

Question 121

In teeth with dental trauma, the most mst frequently reported complications are an increased risk for: (4) - Van Gorp

Answer 121

external root resorption, pulp necrosis, pulp obliteration, and ankylosis

Question 122

an estimated \_\_\_% of young patients presenting for orthodontic treatment has a history of dental trauma, often involving upper incisors situated in the aesthetic zone - Van Gorp

Answer 122

10%

Question 123

are there differences is root resorption between men and women after orthodontic Tx? - Jiang

Answer 123

no

Question 124

What factors affect root resorption: - Jiang age sex Tx duration extraction Tx

Answer 124

age and Tx duration

Question 125

Patient age is correlated with root resorption of which teeth? - Jiang

Answer 125

maxillary anterior teeth

Question 126

in relation to the ( maxillary / mandibular ) incisors, cases involving extractions tended to have more root resorption even with the same treatment duration - Jiang

Answer 126

mandibular

Question 127

The presence of previous resorption had an influence on resorption after treatment but only for the __________ teeth, especially the: - Jiang

Answer 127

anterior maxillary incisors

Question 128

two major reasons for early intervention of mandibular asymmetry include: - Hanson

Answer 128

if child is being psychosocially or functionally affected by asymmetry decreasing magnitude of later surgical correction offering higher level of stability

Question 129

The 4 techniques/options for surgical correction of mandibular asymmetries include: - Hanson

Answer 129

1. osteotomies 2. autogenous or allogenic grafts 3. distraction osteogenesis 4. alloplastic reconstruction of TMJ

Question 130

Literature shows goo stability for surgical moves less than ___ - ___ mm - Hanson

Answer 130

8 - 10mm

Question 131

name two technique modifications that improve the stability of advancements of large magnitude - Hanson

Answer 131

1. Interpositional bone grafting 2. rigid internal fixation

Question 132

\_\_\_\_\_\_ and _________ may be used to reconstruct the ramus of the mandible for large magnitude deficiencies that include absence of a normal articulating condylar surface - Hanson

Answer 132

rib & clavicle

Question 133

Rib and clavicle bone grafts are harvested in continuity with their articulating cartilage, which then serves as the articulating surface within the temporomandibular joint. These grafts are called ______________ grafts - Hanson

Answer 133

costochondral

Question 134

T/F: costochondral grafts have the potential for growth when used in a growing patient - Hanson

Answer 134

True

Question 135

With distraction osteogenesis: after a latency period of ___ - __ days, the screw is adjusted at a rate of ___ mm per day, which lengthens the healing bone callus and the adjacent soft-tissue envelope - Hanson

Answer 135

5 - 7 days 1mm/day

Question 136

Pre-surgical goals for severe cases in which distraction osteogenesis has been chosen as the appropriate Tx modality include: - Hanson

Answer 136

decompensation and arch coordination, just as in pre-surg ortho for traditional surgical cases

Question 137

Can you move teeth during distraction osteogenesis? - Hanson

Answer 137

Yes, they may even move more quickly just after the osteotomy

Question 138

In the unilateral mandibular deficiency being treated with DO, the maxilla on the affected site is ___________ deficient. As the ramus is lengthened on the affected side, the mandibular dentition moves downward, away from the maxillary dentition resulting in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This can be addressed by using a ______________ that is adjusted to allow eruption. - Hanson

Answer 138

vertically open bite bite block

Question 139

Mandibular asymmetries that are secondary to ankylosis, severe degenerative joint disease, or condylar pathology or necrosis might be best served with: - Hanson

Answer 139

alloplastic reconstruction

Question 140

Three advantages of alloplastic total joint prosthesis in the non growing patient are: - Hanson

Answer 140

1. requires no harvest 2. might better resist reankylosis (heterotopic calcification) 3. not as susceptible to the resorption or failure

Question 141

Three shortcomings of alloplastic reconstruction of the TMJ include: - Hanson

Answer 141

1. infection and/or failed integration 2. potential for long-term eventual device failure 3. does not grow, remodel, or adapt

Question 142

In the more severe cases of mandibular asymmetry, interpositional grafting improves the long-term stability of the surgical movement. Bone can be harvested from: (5) - Hanson

Answer 142

1. the symphysis 2. contralateral ramus 3. maxillary tuberosity 4. tibia 5. calvarium

Question 143

An estimated \_\_\_% of young patients presenting for orthodontic treatment has a history of dental trauma, often involving upper incisors situated in the aesthetic zone. - Van Gorp

Answer 143

10%

Question 144

Which specialists clearly showed least hesitation for orthodontically moving traumatized teeth? General dentist, pediatric dentists or orthodontists? - Van Gorp

Answer 144

Orthodontists :) they reported at the same time a considerable number of potential adverse reactions

Question 145

In the case of trauma induced ankylosis, are external cervical resorption and apical root resorption common secondary adverse effects? - Van Gorp

Answer 145

No

Question 146

pulp and root canal obliteration occur as a sequela of dental trauma and has been reported to develop most often in immature teeth with __________ and __________ luxation injuries - Van Gorp

Answer 146

extrusive lateral luxation

Question 147

T/F: literature mentions pulp necrosis and apical pathology as findings linked to the orthodontic movement of teeth affected by pulp and root canal obliteration. - Van Gorp

Answer 147

True

Question 148

Traumatized teeth with total pulp obliteration have a higher susceptibility to pulpal complications during orthodontic ___________ movements than traumatized teeth without or only partial pulp obliteration. - Van Gorp

Answer 148

intrusive movements

Question 149

In teeth with pulp and root canal obliteration, is apical root resorption a possible adverse event in response to orthodontic forces? - Van Gorp

Answer 149

No, literature does not confirm this finding

Question 150

A positive correlations exist between increased _____________ & _______________ and increased root resorption. - Rosocoe

Answer 150

force levels Tx time

Question 151

A pause in tooth movement seems to be beneficial in reducing root resorption because it allows : - Roscoe

Answer 151

allows the resorbed cementum to heal

Question 152

RR in response to heavy force: If the __________ blood pressure is exceeded, this may cause their collapse and dysfunction of the blood supply. This phenomenon may result in a degradation of the tooth-protecting outer layers of the _______________ and its formative layer of cementoblasts; this activates the resorptive activity of the clastic cells. This process leaves the mineralized tooth tissue denuded, triggering _____________ events, similar to bone resorption, but on the root surface. - Roscoe

Answer 152

capillary precementum inflammatory

Question 153

The severity of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption is mostly clinically insignificant, the literature shows that ___ - \_\_\_% of orthodontically treated teeth have severe OIIRR, which is defined as resorption exceeding \_\_\_mm or a third of the original root length.- Roscoe

Answer 153

1 - 5% \>4mm

Question 154

Apical root loss of ___ mm is equivalent to 1 mm of crestal bone loss - Roscoe

Answer 154

3mm

Question 155

The ______________ valve is responsible for production of oral speech sounds - Kummer

Answer 155

velopharyngeal

Question 156

Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be caused by: (3) - Kummer

Answer 156

1. abnormal anatomy (VP **insufficiency**) 2. abnormal neurophysiology (VP incompetence) 3. articulation errors (VP mislearning)

Question 157

The velopharyngeal valve consists of the velum (soft palate) and the walls of the pharynx (lateral pharyngeal walls and posterior pharyngeal wall). During normal nasal breathing, the velum is low in the pharynx and rests against: - Kummer

Answer 157

the base of the tongue

Question 158

During the production of oral speech, the velum moves in a __________ and ___________ direction until it closes firmly against the posterior pharyngeal wall - Kummer

Answer 158

superior posterior

Question 159

During the production of oral speech, the posterior pharyngeal wall moves ___________ slightly and the lateral pharyngeal walls move ____________ to close against the velum to assist in achieving contact. - Kummer

Answer 159

forward medially

Question 160

In young children, the adenoid pad is positioned on the __________ pharyngeal wall in the area of natural velar contact. As a result, most children actually have veloadenoidal closure until the adenoids atrophy naturally with age. - Kummer

Answer 160

posterior

Question 161

Complete velopharyngeal closure seals off the nasal cavity from the oral cavity for the production of all oral speech phonemes. Closure is important for:- Kummer activities that require **( positive / negative )** oral pressure: singing, whistling, blowing, swallowing, gagging, and vomiting… and also for activities that require **( positive / negative )** oral pressure: sucking and kissing).

Answer 161

positive negative

Question 162

The velopharyngeal valve is an articulator, just like the ________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. As such, there is also a learned component to velopharyngeal function. - Kummer

Answer 162

tongue & lips

Question 163

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is often used to describe an anatomic or structural defect that prevents adequate velopharyngeal closure. - Kummer

Answer 163

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)

Question 164

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the most common type of Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) - Kummer

Answer 164

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)

Question 165

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used to refer to a neurophysiological disorder in which poor movement of the velopharyngeal structures results in incomplete velopharyngeal closure - Kummer

Answer 165

velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI)

Question 166

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to misarticulation, which results in an inappropriately open velopharyngeal valve during attempts to produce oral speech phonemes. - Kummer

Answer 166

velopharyngeal mislearning

Question 167

This type of VPD requires speech therapy only: - Kummer

Answer 167

velopharyngeal mislearning

Question 168

These types of VPD are medically based disorders that usually require physical management (surgery or a prosthetic device) for correction: - Kummer

Answer 168

both types of VPI - VP insufficiency and VP incompetence

Question 169

Velopharyngeal **insufficiency** has many causes including: - Kummer

Answer 169

1. Cleft palate \* *most common* \* 2. sub mucous cleft 3. deep pharynx 4. adenoid atrophy or irregular adenoids 5. hypertrophic tonsils 6. adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy 7. maxillary advancement 8. oral cavity tumors

Question 170

\_\_\_ - \_\_\_% of patients with cleft palate will have velopharyngeal insufficiency following the cleft palate repair - Kummer

Answer 170

20 - 30%

Question 171

A _________ or ___________ uvula is a common characteristic seen in children with a submucous cleft palate - Kummer

Answer 171

bifid or hypoplastic

Question 172

Hypernasality following _____________ is a well-known and well-documented risk of the procedure. However, this is typically short lived, lasting from a few hours to no more than ___ weeks. - Kummer

Answer 172

adenoidectomy 6

Question 173

Maxillary advancement can have a negative effect on velopharyngeal function because the anterior movement of the maxilla results in movement of the posterior border of the hard palate, with its soft palate attachments, increasing the ________________ - Kummer

Answer 173

pharyngeal depth

Question 174

the causes of velopharyngeal incompetence include: - Kummer

Answer 174

1. hypotonia 2. neurological conditions (cerebral palsy, myotonic dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, neurofibromatosis, cerebral or brainstem tumors, developmental delay, traumatic brain injury, or cerebral vascular accident and other causes of cortical damage) causing dysarthria 3. neurological conditions causing apraxia 4. cranial nerve defects

Question 175

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a motor speech disorder that affects all the subsystems of speech, including velopharyngeal function. It is characterized by hyper nasality, slurred speech, slow rate, decreased breath support, and low volume. - Kummer

Answer 175

Dysarthria

Question 176

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of speech is an oral-motor disorder characterized by difficulty executing and sequencing speech movements. It affects all of the articulators, including the lips, tongue, jaws, and velopharyngeal valve → often leads to difficulty in coordinating then and causing mixed hypernasality and hyponasality- Kummer

Answer 176

Apraxia

Question 177

Congenital or acquired lower motor neuron damage may demonstrate specific paralysis or paresis (weakness) of the velum or pharyngeal musculature. This can occur with involvement of these three nerves: - Kummer

Answer 177

1. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 2. vagus nerve (CN X) 1. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 178

Congenital or acquired lower motor neuron damage induced paralysis or paresis is usually unilateral. Paralysis or paresis of the velum, resulting in VPI (incompetence), is commonly observed in individuals with ______________ - Kummer

Answer 178

hemifacial microstomia

Question 179

causes of velopharyngeal misleading include: - Kummer

Answer 179

1. faulty articulation 2. compensatory speech productions 3. lack of auditory feedback

Question 180

When an individual speech sound is produced inappropriately in the pharynx, the velopharyngeal valve will be **( open / closed )** - Kummer

Answer 180

open

Question 181

A common misarticulation is the substitution of a pharyngeal fricative or a posterior nasal fricative for ____________ sounds - Kummer

Answer 181

sibilant

Question 182

When there is a neurophysiological etiology causing velopharyngeal incompetence, some would argue that speech therapy may be effective in improving the nasality. The literature **( does / does not )** support this. - Kummer

Answer 182

does not

Question 183

Becker : The aims of the surgical phase of the orthodontic/surgical modality of canine exposure treatment are: 1. To eliminate hard or soft tissue pathologic/ obstructive entities, 2. To provide the orthodontist with access to the impacted tooth, including the bonding of an attachment 3. To perform these tasks with minimum tissue damage, while avoiding exposure and instrumentation of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 183

cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and cervical portion of the root surface

Question 184

For Tx of an impacted canine, open eruption techniques include: (3) - Becker

Answer 184

1. window technique 2. full flap open procedure, 3. apically repositioned flap technique

Question 185

For canine exposure, the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ technique entails the surgical removal of the mucosa and bone immediately overlying the impacted tooth. - Becker

Answer 185

window

Question 186

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ impacted canines are covered by thick mucosa, bone, and follicle. As such, it is at least 5–7 mm beneath the surface - Becker

Answer 186

palatally

Question 187

One open technique for canine exposure involves a full palatal flap to reveal the crypt of the canine, expose the tooth to its\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and then re-suture the flap back to its former place, AFTER having first excised a circular portion of the mucosa immediately overlying the tooth - Becker

Answer 187

maximum circumference

Question 188

The main indication for this impacted canine exposure technique is when a labially impacted tooth is situated above the level of the mucogingival junction. Name the technique - Becker

Answer 188

apically positioned flap

Question 189

For exposing impacted canines, the three closed eruption techniques include: - Becker

Answer 189

1. minimal exposure technique 2. maximal exposure technique 3. tunnel approach

Question 190

In the closed eruption canine exposure technique, A small area of the thin shell of bone covering the tooth is pared away to disclose the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The majority of the ____ same\_as\_above\_\_\_\_ is left intact and no attempt is made to access the CEJ area. An attachment is bonded and traction starts immediately. - Becker

Answer 190

follicle

Question 191

Name the canine exposure technique that involves the impacted canine being drawn downwards through the evacuated socket of the simultaneously extracted deciduous canine.- Becker

Answer 191

tunnel approach (closed eruption tech.)

Question 192

**( buccal / palatal)** exposures, either closed or open, showed prolonged recovery in comparison to **( buccal / palatal )** exposures. - Becker

Answer 192

buccal palatal

Question 193

For palatal exposures, recovery was longer (5 days) after **( open / closed)** eruption than after **( open / closed)** eruption exposures (3 days), especially with regard to pain, analgesic intake, difficulty in eating and swallowing. - Becker

Answer 193

open closed

Question 194

With an apically positioned flap, the crown length of the impacted tooth is **( shorter / longer )** than normal, due to: _______________ - Kokich

Answer 194

longer apical migration of the gingival margin

Question 195

T/F: The crown lengths of teeth uncovered with closed eruption were similar to contralateral non-impacted teeth in the same mouth. - Kokich

Answer 195

True

Question 196

high labial impactions uncovered with an apically positioned flap tend to **( over extrude / reintrude )** after orthodontic treatment. - Kokich

Answer 196

reintrude due to the healing of the apically positioned flap to the mucosa adjacent to the impacted tooth at the time of uncovering

Question 197

It seems appropriate to uncover palatally impacted canines early, during the mixed dentition, so that they can erupt autonomously, without orthodontic intervention, until the crown has erupted to the level of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.- Kokich

Answer 197

the occlusal plane

Question 198

The combination of lip seal exercises, a bonded (with bite block) palatal expander appliance, and a banded lower Crozat/lip bumper with or without a high-pull chincup demonstrated proficiency in maintaining the _________ dimension with **( hyop / hyper )** divergent patients - Sankey

Answer 198

vertical hyper

Question 199

orthodontic treatment typically redirects condylar growth \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, rotates the mandible backward, and **( increases / decreases )** anterior facial height - Sankey

Answer 199

posteriorly increases

Question 200

High-pull headgear (HPHG) modifies maxillary growth, but compensatory eruption of the mandibular molars prevents _________ of the mandible and control of anterior facial height. - Sankey

Answer 200

autorotation

Question 201

Lip seal exercises train the _______________ muscle to become more active in creating an anterior oral seal - Sankey

Answer 201

orbicularis oris

Question 202

T/F: there are significant differences between the chincup and non–chincup groups - Sankey

Answer 202

False - no significant differences

Question 203

Studies have indicated that banded maxillary expansion predictably displaces the maxilla __________ 1 - 2 mm, and more variably in a slightly anterior direction. - Sankey

Answer 203

inferiorly

Question 204

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in conjunction with orthodontic treatment is highly effective in maintaining closure of anterior open bites compared with orthodontic treatment alone - Smithpeter

Answer 204

orofacial myofunctional therapy

Question 205

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in conjunction with orthodontic treatment is highly effective in maintaining closure of anterior open bites compared with orthodontic treatment alone - Smithpeter

Answer 205

orofacial myofunctional therapy

Question 206

term for when vertical overlap, but the mandibular incisors fail to make contact with either their antagonists or the palate. - Smithpeter

Answer 206

incomplete overbite

Question 207

IN patients undergoing open bite correction with orofacial myofunctional therapy, the number of OMT sessions was associated with the severity of the OM disorder, motivation, and compliance, and **( was / was not )** related to the stability of the overbite - Smithpeter

Answer 207

was not

Question 208

In Smithpeter's study, they found that the reduction of open bite was **( more / less )** , and overbite stability was **( greater / lesser )** than in younger subjects.

Answer 208

more greater

Question 209

The severity of the initial class II malocclusion ( is / is not ) associated in a linear fashion with the amount of treatment correction or with the untreated patients - Tulloch

Answer 209

is not

Question 210

there is a 30% chance in untreated children of favorable change in a skeletal class II pattern; 50% change of no change and 15% that the condition will worsen. HG and functional applianced have a 70-80% chance of producing favorable growth