New Flashcards
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid cells.
How many phases are there in meiosis?
There are two phases in meiosis: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
True or False: Meiosis results in two diploid cells.
False: Meiosis results in four haploid cells.
What is the primary purpose of meiosis?
The primary purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
Fill in the blank: Meiosis I is also known as __________.
reductional division.
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments in a process called crossing over.
How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete after meiosis?
There are 23 chromosomes in a human gamete after meiosis.
What is the significance of crossing over?
Crossing over increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What happens during Metaphase I?
During Metaphase I, homologous chromosome pairs align at the cell’s equatorial plane.
True or False: Anaphase I involves the separation of sister chromatids.
False: Anaphase I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
What is the outcome of Telophase I?
Telophase I results in the formation of two daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes.
What is Meiosis II compared to?
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, where sister chromatids are separated.
What happens during Prophase II?
During Prophase II, the chromosomes condense again, and the nuclear envelope breaks down if it had reformed.
In which phase do sister chromatids align at the equator in Meiosis II?
Sister chromatids align at the equator during Metaphase II.
What is the result of Anaphase II?
Anaphase II results in the separation of sister chromatids, moving them to opposite poles.
What is the final product of Meiosis II?
The final product of Meiosis II is four genetically distinct haploid cells.
Fill in the blank: The process of meiosis contributes to __________ diversity.
genetic.
What type of cells undergo meiosis?
Germ cells undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
True or False: Meiosis can occur in somatic cells.
False: Meiosis occurs only in germ cells.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets.
What is synapsis?
Synapsis is the pairing of homologous chromosomes during Prophase I.
In which phase does independent assortment occur?
Independent assortment occurs during Metaphase I.
What is a tetrad?
A tetrad is a structure containing four chromatids formed during synapsis of homologous chromosomes.
Fill in the blank: The reduction in chromosome number during meiosis is crucial for __________ reproduction.
sexual.
What is the role of spindle fibers during meiosis?
Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes during cell division.
What is the term for the fusion of gametes?
Fertilization.
