Neutrons Flashcards
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homeostasis
the maintenance of a relatively constant internal physiological environment of the body or part of the body (e.g. blood glucose level, pH, body temperature) in varying external conditions
stimulus-response model
a system in which any changes or variations (stimuli) in the internal environment are detected (by receptors); if a response is required, this is communicated to effectors to bring about some type of change or correction so the conditions can be brought back to normal
negative feedback
a response that reduces the original stimulus
positive feedback
a reaction in which the response is in the same direction as the stimulus—for example, during childbirth the onset of contractions activates the release of the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates further contractions
stimulus-response model
The stimulus–response model is a characterization of a statistical unit (such as a neuron) as a black box model, predicting a quantitative response to a quantitative stimulus, for example one administered by a researcher.
endocrine system
The endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones, chemical substances produced in the body that regulate the activity of cells or organs. These hormones regulate the body’s growth, metabolism (the physical and chemical processes of the body), and sexual development and function.
signalling molecules
Signaling molecules interact with a target cell as a ligand to cell surface receptors, and/or by entering into the cell through its membrane or endocytosis for intracrine signaling.
peripheral
nervous system
the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
synapses
gap between neurons
reflex arc
the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action, including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between.
stimuli
changes in the environment that can be detected and responded to
Thermoreceptors
located in the skin, brain and body core detect temperature
Mechanoreceptors
located in the skin, inner ears and skeletal muscles detect pressure/touch.
chemoreceptors
taste and smell
photoreceptors
located in eye sense light
