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Neurulation Flashcards

1
Q

The forbrain vesicle is the ?

A

Prosencephalon

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2
Q

What does the midbrain vesicle develop into?

A

The mesencephalon

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3
Q

What does the hindbrain develop into?

A

The Rhombencephalon

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4
Q

What are the subdivisions of the prosencephalon?

A

The telencephalon and the diencephalon

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5
Q

What are the subivisions of the Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon and te Myelencephalon

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6
Q

What develops from the telencephalon?

A

The cerebral hemisphere, the basal ganglia, and the hippocampus

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7
Q

What develops from the diencephaon?

A

The thalamus, the hypothalamus, the pineal body and the infundibulum

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8
Q

What develops from the Mesencephalon?

A

Tectum, tegementum, and the cerebri

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9
Q

What develops from the Metencephalon?

A

The pons and cerebellum

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10
Q

What develops from the myelencephalon?

A

The medulla oblongata

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11
Q

Fertilization occurs when?

A

12-24 hours after ovulation

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12
Q

First division occurs

A

30 hours after fertilization

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13
Q

Second cleavage occurs at

A

40 hours

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14
Q

16 cell morula stage occurs

A

3 days after

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15
Q

Implantation of the blastocyst occurs

A

On day 6

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16
Q

Endo derm and ectoderms occur in the

A

Second week

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17
Q

Mesodermal cells appear in the

A

3 week

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18
Q

Neurulation

A

Formation of the neural tube and crest

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19
Q

Cellular Proliferation

A

Neuronal birth and cellular division

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20
Q

Neuronal Migration

A

Movement of neurons to proper region of CNS

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21
Q

Cytodifferentiation and Axonal Elongation

A

Maturation of neurons and extension of axonal processes to the appropriate targets

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22
Q

Maturation of Synaptic Contacts and Refinement

A

Formation of functional synapses and apoptosis

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23
Q

Endoderm differentiates into…

A

Viscera

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24
Q

Mesoderm differentiates into

A

Heart and circulatory system, muscle bone and meninges, somites and the notochord

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25
Q

Ectoderm differentiates into

A

CNS structure adrenal medulla and skin

26
Q

Lobes of the Cerebrum: Frontal Lobe is composed of?

A

Primary motor Cortex, Sepplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and pre-frontal cortex

27
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Is the communicating tract between the hemisphers

28
Q

Optic Radiations

A

Huge tracts which extend back to the occipital lobe.

29
Q

Internal capsule

A

It looks like a boomerang if you make a transverse cut across the brain. Has sensory and motor control for opposite side of the body.

30
Q

How many lobes are on the brain?

A

5 Definate lobes. Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal and Insular.
Though some anatomists say the Limbic lobe is part of it.

31
Q

Frontal Lobe is composed of

A

The Primary motor cortex, the supplementary motor cortex, the Premotor cortex, and the prefrontal cortex

32
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Motor movements

33
Q

Supplementary motor area

A

Is more active when a sequence of mevements is remembered or internally referenced and recieves input from the basal ganglia

34
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Visually guided, externally referenced. Gets input from cerebellum which helps for execution of movements. Functions in reaching, precision grip and prehension

35
Q

Primary sensory cortex

A

Postcentral gyrun

36
Q

Somatosensory association cortex

A

Parietal lobe supramarginal gyrus

37
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

Cuneus and lingual gyri

38
Q

Visual association cortex

A

Medial and lateral occipital gyri, angular gyrus

39
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A

Transverse temporal gyrus

40
Q

Auditory association cortex

A

Superior temporal gyrus, weirnieke’s area

41
Q

Primary olfactory cortex

A

Uncus, piriform cortex, periamygdaloid and part of the parahippocampal gyrus

42
Q

Limbir association cortex

A

Anterior pole of the temporal lobe

43
Q

Functions of the dominant hemispere

A

Language
Skilled motor movements (praxis)

Arithmetic, analytical skills

Sequential processing

44
Q

Functionso of non dominant hemisphere

A

Prosody(emotion, tone rhythm of voice)

Visual spatial analysis and spatial attention

Spatial orientation and processing

45
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

A

Paraventricular nucleus

46
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone

A

Paraventricular nucleus

47
Q

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

A

Arcuatenucleus

48
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone

A

Arcuate nucleus

49
Q

Lutenizing hormone releasing hormone

A

Preoptic area

50
Q

Growth hormone releasing hormone

A

Periventricular nucleus

51
Q

Oxytocin

A

Paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus

52
Q

Vasopressin ADH

A

Paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus

53
Q

VPLVentral posterior lateral

A

Relay: sensory
Input: ascending somatosensory pathways from body

Output: somatosensory cortex

Function: relays somatosensation to body sensation

54
Q

VPM

A

Relay: sensory
Input: ascending somatosensory pathways from face/taste

Output: somatosensory cortex

Function: relays somatosensation from face and taste cortex

55
Q

VL

A

Relay: motor
Input: motor pathways from cerebellum and basal ganglia

Output: motor, premotor and supplementary motor

Functions relays motor function from basal ganglia and cerebellum to cortex

56
Q

Pathway of the circuit of papez

A

Parahippocampal gyrus-hippocampus- mamillary bodies- thalamus - cingulate gyrus- parahippocampal gyrus

57
Q

Function of the circuit of papez

A

Convergence of cognitive activities, emotional experience and expression

58
Q

Pathway of the stria terminalis

A

AxonS form reciprocal connections between the amygdala and he hypothalamus and the septal nuclei

59
Q

Function of stria terminalis

A

Coneect emotional and homeostatic centers that are involved with associative learning

60
Q

Ventral amygdalofugal pathway

A

Connects amygdala with the basal ganglia olfactory cortex, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and septal nuclei

61
Q

Function of the ventral amygdalofugal parthway

A

Involved in associative learning and linking emotion to homeostatic behaviors

62
Q

Medial foramn bundle

A

Diffuse group of axons that carry information between the amygdala, brainstem nuclei and hypothalamus

Neuroscience (3 decks)

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