neurovasculature of lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

describe the lumbar plexus and what it gives rise to

A

the lumbar plexus is formed by the lumbar spinal nerves L1-L4
lumbar plexus gives rise to the femoral nerve, obturator nerve, lateral cutaneous nerve

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2
Q

describe the sacral plexus and what it gives rise to

A

formed by L4, L5, S1 -S4
gives rise superior and inferior gluteal nerve, posterior cutaneous and sciatic nerve

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3
Q

what is the lumbosacral plexus?

A

a network of nerve fibres by the connection of the sacral and lumbar plexus by the lumbosacral trunk

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4
Q

nerves of the thigh

A

femoral nerve
obturator nerve
sciatic nerve
fibular nerve (common and superficial)
fibular nerve (deep and superficial)
tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar nerve)

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5
Q

describe the femoral nerve

A

arises from L2, L3, L4
emerges from the lateral side of the psoas major, then descends between psoas illiacus
passes thigh-deep to the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle on the anterior surface of the iliopsoas

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6
Q

branches of the femoral nerve

A

muscular, cutaneous and articular

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7
Q

describe the obturator nerve and its passage through the thigh

A

arises from L2, L3, L4
exits the psoas major on the lateral aspect and crosses the ala of the sacrum, running along the pelvic wall, exits the pelvis through the obturator canal

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8
Q

what are the innervations and branches of the obturator nerve

A

obturator externus and hip joint
anterior branch: adductor longus, adductor brevis, graciis, pectineus and skin of MT
post branch: addcutor magnus

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9
Q

describe the sciatic nerve and its passage through the thigh

A

arises L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3
enters the gluteal region via the greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis msucle deep to gluts max
travels deep to bicep femoris, along posterior surface of addcutor magnus

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10
Q

list the innervations and branches of the sciatic nerve

A

branches into tibial and common fibular nerve proximal to the popliteal fossa
innervates hamstring group, long head of bicep fem adductor magnus (tib) and short head of bicep fem (fib.)

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11
Q

describe the common fibular nerve and its innervations

A

arises from L4,5 and S1,2
passes the popliteal fossa on the lateral side and over the head of the fibular and around the neck and divides deep behind the fibularis longus into the superficial and deep fibular nerve
fibular nerve innervates the knee joint

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12
Q

describe the superficial fibular nerve

A

descends through the lateral compartments of the leg ad emerges from between the fibularis muscle and travels through subcutaneous tissue of the dorsal surface of the foot
innervates the lateral compartment of the leg

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13
Q

describe the deep fibular nerve

A

runs anteriorly over the fibular and enters the anterior compartment shortly after bifurcation of the common fibular passing deep to the EDL
arises proximal to the talocrural joint between tendons of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus

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14
Q

describe the deep fibular nerve in relation to the digits of the foot

A

along the dorsum of the foot to terminate as two cutaneous branches to lateral hallux and medial aspect of 2nd digit

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15
Q

describe the tibial nerve

A

arises from L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
travels through the popliteal fossa along the popliteus, posterior surface of the tibialis posterior with the posterior tibia vessels

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16
Q

tibial nerve branches are

A

bifurcates as it enters the plantar aspect of the foot into medial and lateral plantar nerves

17
Q

describe the medial plantar nerve and its innervations

A

travels distally along the foot between abductor hallucis and FDB and divides into the muscular and 4 digital plantar nerves
innervation adductor hallucis, FDB, FHB, 1st lumbrical and skin on MPS

18
Q

describe the lateral plantar nerve and its innervations

A

runs laterally between flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae and divides into the deep. and superficial LPN
innervates quadratus plantae and adductor digiti minimi

19
Q

what are the branches of the lateral plantar nerve and their innervations

A

superficial and deep lateral plantar nerves
superifical innervates FDMB, 3rd plantar and 4th dorsal interossei
deep innervated all interossei, lubricates 2,3,4 and both head of adductor hallucis

20
Q

list the arteries of the foot

A

dorsalis pedis
medial and lateral malleolar arteries
lateral tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
dorsal digital and metatarsal arteries
medial, deep and lateral plantar arteries

21
Q

describe the femoral artery and its branches

A

is a continuation of the external iliac artery and becomes the femoral artery after passing deep to the inguinal ligament then through the adductor canal
branches into the deep artery of the thigh

22
Q

what does the femoral artery supply

A

sartorius, vasust med., adductors and skin of anterior and anteromedial thigh

23
Q

what is the femoral arteries’ continuation

A

popliteal artery after exiting the adductor canal at the hiatus

24
Q

describe the deep femoral artery and list its branches

A

arises from the lateral aspect of the femoral artery about 4cm distal to inguinal ligament
branches into the medial and lateral circumflex and perforating

25
Q

describe the popliteal artery and its branches

A

continuation of the femoral artery from adductor hiatus to distal border of adductor hiatus
gives rise to the genicular arteries which anastomose around the knee

26
Q

t

A