neurotransmitters TTSTB

Question 1

what are neurotransmitters?

Answer 1

Chemical messengers that influence behavior and cognition

Question 2

How do neurotransmitters interact with neurons?

Answer 2

they can increase (excitatory) or decrease (inhibitory) the changes of a neuron being activated.

Question 3

serotonin

Answer 3

function: mood regulation, attachment, appetite, sleep

low levels: depression, anxiety, and aggression

high levels: serotonin syndrome

Question 4

STUDY ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS: SEROTONIN

Answer 4

Passamonti et al, 2021
aim: to see what effect reduced serotonin has on the prefrontal cortex when exposed to threat
- drink reduce serotonin
- FMRI machine
- angry, neutral, and sad faces
- reduced function in the PFC when viewing angry faces
- serotonin is linked with impulsive aggression

Question 5

glutamate

Answer 5

function: learning and memory

low levels: concentration problems and mental exhaustion

high levels: neuron damage, neurodegenerative disease

Question 6

ketamine

Answer 6

what: glutamate antagonist
use: medically to treat PTSD
block receptors

Question 7

STUDY ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS: GLUTAMATE

Answer 7

Feder et al 2014
aim: to test the effectiveness of ketamine in reducing PTSD symptoms
- 41 participants with PTSD: ketamine vs midazolam
- ketamine worked better: antagonist of glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter), inhibiting its work in the amygdala.