Neurotransmitters and the Nervous System Flashcards
What do most psychoative drugs mediate?
5-HT, Ach, NA, DA, GABA, Adenosine
What areas is there no BBB
- pituitary
- pineal gland
- area postrema
What does increased absorption efficiency lead to?
- risk of dependence
- risk of toxic effects
What does drug effect depend on
- dose
- dosage form
- route of administration
What are factors that influence drug responsiveness
age
body size
sex
What are the four dopamine pathways
- mesolimbic
- mesocortical
- nigrostriatal
- tuberohypopseal
What is the mesolimbic pathway
dopamine pathway
VTA -> basal ganglia (Ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens)
for pleasure, rewards
Learned associations to drug-related cues (e.g., light)
produced dopamine release in the VTA
Dopamine release was associated with drug-seeking behavior
What is the mesocortical pathway
Dopamine pathway
VTA —> cortex, mostly prefrontal
Mediates exec fun
What is the nigrostriatal pathway
Dopamine pathway
substantia nigra –> caudate –> putamens
for motor movements
What is the tuberohypopyseal?
Dopamine pathway
Hypothalamus –> pituitary
inhibits prolactin
What does the cholinergic system do in the pNS
Somatic
- motor - neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction
What receptors respond to Ach
muscarini and nicotinic
What does Cholinergic system do in CNS
sympathetic NS activation
Parasympathetic NS activation
How many types of serotonin receptors are there?
7
What are some functions of serotonin
- anxiolytic depression agression cognition migraine circadian rhythm and epilepsy hunger
Where do noradrenaline pathways originate from?
LOCUS COERELUEUS
PROJECTS TO CORTEX
Where do serotonin pathways originate from?
Doral RAPHE NUCLEI
Where do dopamine pathway originate from?
Ventral tegmental area
Where do Ach pathways originate from?
Basal reticular formation
septal area
and basal nucleus of meynert
What is absorption
mechanism by which drugs pass from their point of entry into the blood stream
What are some symptoms of withdrawal
- dysphoria
- agitation/tremors
- hyperalgesia
- nausea, diarrhea
- chills
- dilated pupils
What area is associated with wanting
VTA
- dopaminergic
What area is associated with liking
nucleus accumbens
GABA benzo systems
