Neurotransmitters and NMJ Flashcards
What are the 3 ways to block neuromuscular transmission
Pre-synaptically (inhibiting Ach synthesis)
Pre-synaptically by inhibiting Ach release
Post-synaptically by interfering with actions of ACh on the receptor
What would stop ACh release?
anaesthetics and inhibitors/competitors of calcium
neurotoxins
How does botulinum toxin affect Neurotransmission?
By blocking Ach release
When would we use drugs to block the neuromuscular junction?
During surgery
When would we use drugs to block the neuromuscular junction?
During surgery
What is the only clinical agonist of nicotinic receptors?
suxamethonium
what are 4 criteria that a molecule must satisfy to be deemed as a neurotransmitter
- synthesis - made presynaptically
- storage - NT must be stored presynaptically
- Release - NT must be released on demand
- Inactivation - must be inactivated
Name 3 amino acids
glutamate, gaba and glycine
name 3 amines that are catecholamines
noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine
serotonin is a type of amine specifically ____
indolamine
Name 3 peptides
encephalin, endorphin and dynorphin
Primary excitatioRy NTS IN CNS
glutamate
primary inhibitory NTS in CNS
GABA
Name 3 things that occur with dysfunction of glutamate
EXITOTOXICITY, MIGRAINES, EPILEPSY
what receptors do benzodiazepines work on
GABAa
clostridium tetani causes what disease
tetanus by inhibiting release of glycine
how are seizures treated?
phenytoin and benzodiazepenes
what is the MOA of benzodiazepenes
They bind to an allosteric site on GABA receptors which means GABA can open the channel more often, having an overall inhibitory response
what channels does GABA act on?
ligand gated chloride channels
tetanus can be treated by?
anti toxin and benzodiazepines
depleted dopamine in motor co-ordination system is associated with what disease
parkinsons
over production of dopamine in the mesolimbic system is associated with what condition
schizophrenia
what is fluoxetine
SSRI
How does MDMA work
causes release of serotonin and then prevents re-uptake of it
what is the NTS at the NMJ
ACh
what disease is associated with dysfunction (reduction) of ACh in the CNS
Alzheimer’s disease
how do anticholinesterases work
prevent breakdown of ACh to prolong its acitivty
what is pilocarpine
non-selective muscarinic agonist used in glaucoma and constricts pupils by acting on M receptors
what drug could be used in bladder and GI hypotonia
bethanechol
