Neurotransmitters Flashcards
DA release in what structure represents common final event assoc w reinforcing effects of opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol?
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS
Role of glycine at NMDA receptor
OBLIGATE COAGONIST
Which neurotransmitter system is the last to mature in the CNS of children and adolescents?
CHOLINERGIC
A compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH
GAMMA HYDROXYLBUTYRATE
Highest concentration of 5HT producing cells in brain?
RAPHE NUCLEI
DA and what else regulates reward circuitry
GABA
Neuroimaging technology most useful in studying connectivity pathways:
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION CT SCAN
What area of the body has the most serotonin?
GI TRACT
What neurotransmitter has been associated with anxiety?
NOREPINEPHRINE
Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter-gated, multimeric ion channels do what?
INCREASE PROBABILITY OF OPENING IN PRESENCE OF A LIGAND
Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing serotonin in brain?
RAPHE NUCLEUS IN THE BRAIN STEM
Principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in prefrontal cortex?
DIFFUSION
Opiates inhibit Camp dependent protein phosphorylation in:
LOCUS CERULEUS
Neurotransmitter maintains consistent levels with age:
SEROTONIN
Which neurotransmitters are reduced in quantity, uptake and turnover is spasticity?
GLYCINE & GABA
The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D-cycloserine treatment in pt’s with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which of the following neurotransmitters?
GLYCINE
In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these neurons reside in which area of brain?
VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA
Which neurotransmitter is predominantly inhibitory?
GLYCINE
Neurotransmitter assoc w/ reward & reinforcement in nicotine dependence
DOPAMINE
Prostaglandin D2 increases extracellular levels of…
ADENOSINE
Which is a retrograde neurotransmitter?
ENDOCANNABINOIDS
Characteristics of Ach receptors in cerebral cortex
BOTH INHIBITORY AND EXCITATORY
Neurohormone for social bonding
OXYTOCIN
Neurotransmitter from responsible for rewarding nature of drug abuse
DOPAMINE
Low CSF levels of this neurotransmitter metabolites is associated with suicidality?
5-HYDROXYINDOLE ACETIC ACID (5-HIAA)
What is the 5HT3 receptor classification?
LIGAND GATED
Pain by neurogenic inflammation mediated by?
SUBSTANCE P
Decreased level of what NT is most associated with depressed mood, poor sleep, and poor impulse control
SEROTONIN
Psych stress increases cortisol and prolonged cortisol is associated with bad outcomes. Stress also affects other hormones. Increase in which hormone is correlated with decreased PTSD severity most likely due to hormone’s anti-glucocorticoid properties:
DHEA
Activation of this receptor is likely responsible for anti-anxiety, motor-impairment, and sedative hypnotic effects of alcohol
GABA-A
Neurotransmitter regulating sleep and wakefulness?
HISTAMINE
What neurotransmitter is thought to play a key role in fine-tuning working memory function in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
DOPAMINE
Which of the following levels would be affected what changes in tyrosine hydroxylase levels: Dopaminergic Gutaminergic GABAminergic Serotonergic Histaminergic
DOPAMINERGIC
Blockade of which receptor causes sedation and weight gain side effects for antipsychotics and antidepressants?
HISTAMINE
What neurotransmitter present in the periaqueductal gray matter is involved in the mediation of pain?
ENDORPHINS
Which neurotransmitter, IF dysfunctional, most replicates core symptoms of schizophrenia?
GLUTAMATE
