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psychopharmacology > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Neurotransmitter Molecules

A

Small molecule neurotransmitters

Larger neuropeptide neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Small molecule Neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine

Excitatory

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3
Q

Small molecule Neurotransmitters

Type Amino acids with inhibitory effect

A

Gamma amino butyric acid GABA

Glycine

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4
Q

Small molecule Neurotransmitters

Type Amino acids with excitatory effect

A

Glutamate

Aspartate

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5
Q

Small molecule Neurotransmitters

Biogenic amines -all have excitatory effect

A

Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin
Histamine

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6
Q

Neuropeptide Neurotransmitters

CCBSNSBVA

A 
Corticotropin releasing hormone
corticotropin (ACTH)
Beta-endorphin
Substance P
Neurotensin
Somatostatin
Bradykinin
Vasopressin
Angiotensin II
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7
Q

Serotonin
Small molecule
Biogenic amine- excitatory

A

<2% in CNS
Synthesised from tryptophan (amino acid)
located in nerve pathways in brain–
raphe nuclei (nuclei group in center of
reticular formation in the midbrain, pons,&
medulla.
Spreads extensively throughout the
brainstem, cerebral cortex, & spinal cord

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8
Q

Serotonin

A 
Controls Mood
Other functions effected by serotonin
  sleep regulation, pain perception, body
  temperature, blood pressure, & hormone
  activity
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9
Q

Serotonin

Outside the brain

A

GI

Cardiovascular system

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10
Q

Noradrenaline

monoamine neurotransmitter

A

located in the locus coerulus, pons, & reticular formation in brain
links to cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, & midbrain
excites activity in the brain
noradrenergic pathways control attention and arousal

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11
Q

Noradrenaline

Outside the brain

A

Sympathetic Nervous system
causes changes in BP, HR, GI FX
Explains broad effect of meds which affect monoamine neurotransmitters (tricyclics)

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12
Q

Dopamine

monoamine neurotransmitter

A

located in basal ganglia (very specific group of neurons)

widely distributed throughout the brain by 3 dopamine pathways

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13
Q

Dopamine pathways

A

Nigrostriatal
mesocorticolimbic
tuberohypophyseal

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14
Q

Dopamine concentration in brain

A 
decreased = Parkinson's Disease
increased = Schizophrenia
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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

cholinergic pathways concentrated in the brainstem
effects cognitive functions esp memory
damage to pathways-probable cause of Alzheimer’s

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16
Q

Acetylcholine

Outside the brain

A

Main neurotransmitter in Parasympathetic Nervous system
which controls HR, digestion, saliva
secretion, bladder fx
Meds which affect cholinergic activity affect fx–ie, dry mouth

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17
Q

Neurotransmitter receptors

A

locate on the neuronal post synaptic membrane

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18
Q

Neurotransmitter receptors

types

A

ligand-gated receptors

G protein linked receptors

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19
Q

Ligand -gated receptors
or
ionotropic receptors
or fast receptors

A

excitatory neurotransmitters -EPSP
inhibitory neurotransmitters-IPSP
opens channel for influx of chloride and potassium ions into cell

20
Q

Ligand-gated receptors
EPSP
IPSP

A

Excitatory post synaptic potential

Inhibitory post synaptic potential

21
Q

G protein linked receptors

A

linked to ion channels indirectly by second message system

G-proteins & adenylate

22
Q

G protein linked receptors
Gi protein
Gs protein

A

Gi-inhibitory effect

Gs= excitatory effect

23
Q

G protein receptors
or slow receptors
or metabotropic

A

GABA-B
glutamate
Dopamine (D1 & D2)
5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, & %-HT2C receptors

24
Q

Serotonin receptor

5 HT1

A

Distribution- brain intestinal nerves
Roles- Neuronal inhibition, behavioral effects,
cerebral constriction

25
Q

Serotonin receptor

5-HT2

A

Distributed- brain, heart, lungs, smooth
muscleGI, blood vessels, platlets
Roles-Neuronal excitation, vasoconstriction, behavioral effects, depression, anxiety

26
Q

Serotonin receptor

5-HT3

A

Distributed - limbic system, peripheral nueral system

Roles-nausea, anxiety

27
Q

Serotinin Receptor

5HT4

A

Distribution CSN, Smooth muscle

Role -Neuronal excitation GI

28
Q

Serotonin
5 HT5
5HT6
5ht&

A

Distribution- Brain

Role -UNKNOWN

29
Q

Noradrenaline receptor

Alpha1

A

Brain, smooth muscle

vasoconstriction, smooth muscle control

30
Q

Noradrenaline receptor

Alpha2

A

Brain, pancreas, smooth muscle

vasoconstriction, presynaptic effect in GI (relaxant)

31
Q

Noradrenaline receptor

Beta1

A

heart, brain

heart rate increase

32
Q

Noradrenaline receptor

Beta2

A

lungs, brain, skeletal muscle

Bronchial relaxant, vasodilation

33
Q

Noradrenaline receptor

Beta3

A

post synaptic effector cells

stimulation of effector cells

34
Q

Dopamine receptor

D1, D5 like

A

brain smooth muscle

Stimulatory, role in Schizophrenia ?

35
Q

Dopamine receptor

D2,3,4 like

A

brain, cardiovascular system, presynaptic nerve terminals

Inhibitory, role in Schizophrenia?

36
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

M1

A

Nerves

CNS excitation, gastric acid secretion

37
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

M2

A

Heart, nerves, smooth muscle
Cardiac inhibition
neural inhibition

38
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

M3

A

glands, smooth muscle, endothelium

Smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation

39
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

M4

A

?CNS?

UNKNOWN

40
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

M5

A

?CNS?

UNKNOWN

41
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

NM

A

Skeletal muscles, neuromuscular junction

Neuromuscular transmission

42
Q

Acetylcholine receptor

NN

A

postganglionic cell body dendrites

Ganglionic transmission

43
Q

CO transmission

A

Neuropeptides can be neurotransmitters or co transmitters

44
Q

overlapping effects of neurotransmitters

A

noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine

45
Q

monoamine reuptake and breakdown

A

reuptake clears the neurotransmitter from the synapse.

they are broken down by monoamine oxidase in the synapse.

psychopharmacology (1 decks)

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