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Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Receptors: Cholinergic

Can be muscarinic (glands) or nicotinic (motor end plate)

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2
Q

M1 receptor

A

muscarinic. excitatory. decreases K+ conductance and increases IP3 and DAG (which increases Ca2+)

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3
Q

M2 receptor

A

muscarinic. inhibitory.

increases K+ conductance and decreases cAMP.

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4
Q

Are nicotinic receptors excitatory or inhibitory?

A

excitatory at the motor end plate. increase cation conductance

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5
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Receptors: Adrenergic

a1, a2, and B

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6
Q

a1 receptors

A

adrenergic (NE). excitatory. decrease K+ conductance and increase IP3 and DAG (which increases Ca2+)

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7
Q

a2 receptors

A

adrenergic (NE). inhibitory.
presynaptic a2 receptors decrease Ca2+ conductance
postsynaptic a2 receptors increase K+ conductance and decrease cAMP

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8
Q

B receptors

A

adrenergic (NE). can be inhibitory or excitatory. function through GCPRs coupled through increased cAMP

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9
Q

Dopamine

A

Receptors: dopaminergic
D1 and D2.
responsible for reward, motivation, pleasure, and renal blood flow

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10
Q

D1 receptors

A

dopaminergic. excitatory.

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11
Q

D2 receptors

A

dopaminergic. inhibitory. presynaptic D2 receptors decrease Ca2+ conductance.
postsynaptic D2 receptors increase K+ conductance and decrease cAMP

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12
Q

what two enzymes are needed to make dopamine?

A

Tyrosine –tyrosine hydroxylase—> DOPA —dopamine decarboxylase–> Dopamine

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13
Q

Serotonin

A

Receptors: Serotonergic
5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT3A, 5-HT4A
Responsible for anger, vomiting, and sexuality

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14
Q

5-HT1A receptors

A

serotonergic. inhibitory. increases K+ conductance and decreases cAMP conductance

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15
Q

5-HT2A receptors

A

serotonergic. excitatory. decreases K+ conductance and increases IP3 and DAG (which increase Ca2+)

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16
Q

5-HT3A receptors

A

serotonergic. excitatory. increases cation conductance

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17
Q

5-HT4A receptors

A

serotonergic. excitatory. Decreases K+ conductance

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18
Q

Glutamate

A

Receptors: glutaminergic
NDMA, AMPA, mGluR, and post-synaptic metabotropic receptors
*is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
*over excitation in brain injury

19
Q

NMDA receptor

A

Glutaminergic. excitatory. activation increases Ca2+ channel activity to bring Ca2+ into the cell

20
Q

AMPA receptor

A

Glutaminergic. excitatory. activation increases Na+ channel activity to bring Na+ into the cell

21
Q

mGluR receptor

A

Glutaminergic. inhibitory. Decreases Ca2+ conductance

22
Q

post-synaptic metabotropic receptors

A

Glutaminergic. excitatory. decreases K+ conductance, increases IP3 and increases DAG (which increases Ca2+)

23
Q

GABA

A

Receptors: Gaba-ergic
GABA-A and GABA-B
*is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain

24
Q

GABA-A receptors

A

GABA-ergic. inhibitory.

increase Cl- conductance

25
Q

GABA-B receptors

A

GABA-ergic. inhibitory.
presynaptic GABA-B decrease Ca2+ conductance
postsynaptic GABA-B increase K+ conductance

26
Q

Histamine

A

Receptors: histaminergic
H1 and H2
*inhibition of histaminergic receptors in the brain is responsible for the sedative adverse effects of many drugs
*histaminergic mechanisms are critical for peripheral inflammation (H1) and gastric acid secretion (H2)

27
Q

H1 receptors

A

histaminergic. excitatory.

decreases K+ conductance, increases IP3 and increases DAG (which increases Ca2+)

28
Q

H2 receptors

A

histaminergic. excitatory.

decreases K+ conductance and increases cAMP

29
Q

Opiates

A

Receptors: opioid receptors
Mu, Delta, and Kappa
*used to treat pain

30
Q

Mu receptor

A

Opioid receptor. inhibitory.

decreases Ca2+ conductance, decreases cAMP, and increases K+ conductance

31
Q

Delta receptor

A

Opioid receptor. inhibitory.

decreases Ca2+ conductance, decreases cAMP, and increases K+ conductance

32
Q

Kappa receptor

A

Opioid receptor. inhibitory.

decreases Ca2+ conductance, decreases cAMP, and increases K+ conductance

33
Q

What is the receptor for NGF?

A

TrkA. NGF = NT-1

34
Q

What is the receptor for BDNF?

A

TrkB. BDNF = NT-2

35
Q

What is the receptor for NT-3?

A

TrkC mostly, but NT-3 can bind to TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC

36
Q

What is the receptor for NT-4/5?

37
Q

What is the receptor and co-receptor for GDNF?

A

co-receptor: GFRa1

receptor: Ret

38
Q

What is the receptor and co-receptor for Neurturin

A

co-receptor: GFRa2

receptor: Ret

39
Q

What is the receptor and co-receptor for Artemin

A

co-receptor: GFRa3

receptor: Ret

40
Q

What neurotrophin can help ALS?

A

GNDF + VEGF

41
Q

What neurotrophin can help Huntington’s Disease?

42
Q

What neurotrophin can help Alzheimer’s Disease?

43
Q

What neurotrophin can help Parkinson’s Disease?

A

GDNF intra-putamenaly and possibly BDNF (under investigation)

44
Q

What neurotrophin can help Diabetic Neuropathy?

A

NGF, NT-3, GDNF, and Neurturin

Brain & Behavior Extras (5 decks)

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