Neurotransmitters Flashcards
major NT in CNS and PNS
acetylcholine
what is ACh made of
synthesized from CoA and choline
what is ACh packaged/stored in
vesicles
2 types of ACh receptors
nicotinic and muscarinic
does ACh create short or long lived responses
short - ACh breaks thing down quickly
what releases ACh
cholinergic fibres
what part of NS do cholinergic fibres affect
CNS and PNS
what do cholinergeic impact in the brain
system that plays a major role in learning, attention, memory
what is alzheimers
degredation of cholinergic neurons
where can catecholamines be found
cell bodies in brain stem
what do the axons of catecholamines branch to
all parts of brain and SC
catecholamines role
mood, motivation, consciousness, directed attention
what NT is in NMJ btwn nerves and smooth m in ANS
NE
what is NE released by
andregenic fibres
2 classes of NE receptors
alpha and beta
what can influence NE
drugs - amphetamines promote release of NE
where are dopamine neurons present
substantia nigra, ventral tegemental area of midbrain
types of dopamine receptors
excitatory or inhibitory
what is dopamine involved in
emotional responses (addiction/pleasure)
what is E released by
neurons in CNS
is NE or E more common
NE
what is E classified as
neurohormone
what receptors does E bind with
alpha and beta receptors
where is histamine found
CNS - hypothalamus
what does histamine control
sleep-wake cycle
what is histamine known for
paracrine actions (local increases in BF)
what is serotonin synthesized from
tryptophan
how many receptor types for serotonin
16
what effect does serotonin have on pathways involved in muscle control
excitatory effect (more serotinin = alert/wakeful)
what does serotonin control
food intake and other homeostatic mechanisms
what are glutamate and aspartate
excitatory AA
what are glutamate and aspartate implicated in
epilepsy, parkinsons, alzheimers
what causes damage to glutamate and aspartate receptors
stroke, brain damage due to low O2
what is glutamate
excitatory AA NT - most excitatory neurons in CNS
what do the majority of synapses communicate with
1/2 communicate with glutamate
does glutamate have many receptors
yes
what is GABA
gammaaminobutyric acid
inhibitory NT
what NT is most common in CNS
GABA
how many synapses does GABA have on average
1/3 of all brain synapses
how many GABA receptors
3 - A/B/C
what do GABA receptors open/close
Cl- or K+ channels
