Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharma 1 (neurotransmitters) > NEUROTRANSMITTERS > Flashcards

NEUROTRANSMITTERS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classes of conventional small neurotransmitters?

A

-amino acids, monoamines, and acetylcholine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are amino acids located?

A

In the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the four most widely studied amino acid neurotransmitters ?

A

glutamate, aspartate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe glutamate.

A

The most prevalent excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe aspartate.

A

An amino acid neurotransmitter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe glycine.

A

An amino acid neurotransmitter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

A

The amino acid neurotransmitter that is synthesized from glutamate; the most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are monamine neurotransmitters located?

A

In the brain stem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are monoamine neurotransmitters released into?

A

the extracellular fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four monoamine neurotransmitters?

A

dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe dopamine.

A

One of the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe epinephrine.

A

One of the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe norepinephrine.

A

One of the three catecholamine neurotransmitters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe serotonin.

A

An indolamine neurotransmitter; the only member of this class of monoamine neurotransmitters found in the mammalian nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two subgroups of monoamine neurotransmitters?

A

catecholamines and indolamines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe catecholamines.

A

The three monoamine neurotransmitters that are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine: dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.

17
Q

Describe indolamines.

A

The class of monoamine neurotransmitters that are synthesized from tryptophan; serotonin is the only member of this class found in the mammalian nervous system.

18
Q

Which monoamine neurotransmitters are catecholamines?

A

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine

19
Q

Where are Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine synthesized from?

A

tyrosine.

20
Q

What is tyrosine converted into?

A

L-dopa..

21
Q

What is L-dope converted into?

A

dopamine.

22
Q

What are neurons that release norepinephrine called?

A

noradrenergic.

23
Q

What are neurons that release epinephrine called?

A

adrenergic.

24
Q

How is acetylcholine produced?

A

by adding an acetyl group to a choline molecule.

25
Q

What are neurons that release acetylcholine said to be?

A

cholinergic.

26
Q

What gases are included in soluble-gas neurotransmitters?

A

nitric oxide and carbon monoxide.

27
Q

Where are soluble-gas neurotransmitters created?

A

in the neural cytoplasm and immediately diffuse through the cell membrane into the extracellular fluid and then into nearby cells.

28
Q

What do they do once they are inside another cell?

A

they stimulate the production of a second messenger and in a few seconds are deactivated by being converted to other molecules.

29
Q

What is retrograde transmission?

A

when feedback signals from the postsynaptic neuron are transmitted back to the presynaptic neuron.

30
Q

What is the function of retrograde transmission?

A

to regulate the activity of presynaptic neurons

31
Q

Describe endocannabinoids.

A

neurotransmitters that are similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive (producing psychological effects) ­constituent of marijuana.

32
Q

What is the most widely studied endocannabinoid?

A

anandamide

33
Q

Describe anandamide.

A

The first endogenous endocannabinoid to be discovered and characterized.

34
Q

What is the life cycle of endocannabinoids?

A

Endocannabinoids are synthesized from fatty compounds in the cell membrane; they tend to be released from the dendrites and cell body; and they tend to have most of their effects on presynaptic neurons, inhibiting subsequent synaptic transmission

35
Q

What are the five categories of neuropeptides?

A

pituitary peptides, hypothalamic peptides, brain-gut peptides, opioid peptides, ad miscellaneous peptides.

36
Q

Describe pituitary peptides.

A

-contains neuropeptides that were first identified as hormones released by the pituitary
-acknowledge that neuropeptides function in multiple capacities

37
Q

Describe hypothalamic peptides.

A

-contain neuropeptides that were first identified as hormones released by the hypothalamus.
-acknowledge that neuropeptides function in multiple capacities

38
Q

Describe brain-gut peptides.

A

-contains neuropeptides that were first discovered in the gut.
-acknowledge that neuropeptides function in multiple capacities

pharma 1 (neurotransmitters) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions