neurotransmitters

Question 1

acetylchooline targets

Answer 1

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors

Question 2

noradrenaline targets

Answer 2

a and b adrenoceptors

Question 3

small moleculs medaitors examples

Answer 3

GABA, noradrenaline, serotonin

Question 4

small molecule mediators target

Answer 4

ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and G-protein-couples receptors (GPCRs)

Question 5

neurotrophins examples

Answer 5

brain derived neurotrophic factor

Question 6

neuropeptides examples

Answer 6

endorphins

Question 7

lipid mediators examples

Answer 7

prostaglandins

Question 8

neurotrophins target

Answer 8

kinase-linked receptors

Question 9

neuropeptides target

Answer 9

G protein cooupled receptors

Question 10

lipid mediators target

Answer 10

G protein couples receptors

Question 11

relevant drug class of neurotrophins

Answer 11

antidepressants

Question 12

relevant drug class of small molecule mediators

Answer 12

anxiolytics antidepressants

Question 13

neuropeptide relevant drug class

Answer 13

opioid analgesics

Question 14

lipid mediators relevant drug class

Answer 14

non-opioid analgesics

Question 15

GABA receptor of LGIC receptor superfamily

Answer 15

has 19 total subunit types

native GABAa receptor has 2 a subunits and two b subunits and 1 subunit of a third type

Question 16

GABA receptor of GPCR receptor superfamily

Answer 16

heterodimer of GABAb1 receptor (ligand binding) and GABAb2 receptor (initiation of signalling cascade

Question 17

3 subtypes if LGIC

Answer 17

AMPA
NMDA
Kainate

Question 18

NMDA receptor

Answer 18

activated by glutamate and glycine (as a co-agonist) 
synaptic plasticity (LTP and LTD); excessive Ca2+ leads to excitotoxicity

Question 19

LGIC serotonin receptor

Answer 19

5-HT3 receptor
excitatory
involved in vomiting

Question 20

GPCR serotonin receptor

Answer 20

5-HTx receptor
5-HT1 receptor - inhibitory
5-HT2 receptor - found both presynaptically and postsynaptically

Question 21

GPCR doopamine receptor

Answer 21

D1 type (D1 and D5)

• no polymorphism
• D1 - high expression in the nigrostriatal, mesoolimbic and mesocortical areas; post synaptic - increase locoomotor activity

D2 type (D2, D3 and D4)

• polymorphism, splice variants
• D2 - expression profile similar to D1; D3 - limited distribution

Question 22

D2 dopamine receptor

Answer 22

inhibits prolactin secretion from pituitary gland
post synaptic - decrease locomotor activity
presynaptic - reduce firing rate and the release of neurotransmitters

Question 23

L-dopa

Answer 23

precursor to dopamine
increase dopamine levels
treat parkinson’s disease
can cause schizophrenia like syndrome

Question 24

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 24

many are D2 receptor antagonists - treat schizophrenia
enhances prolactin secretion
extrapyramidal side effects - movement disorders

Question 25

maxolon (metoclopramide)

Answer 25

an antiemetic drug, blocks D2 receptor in the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone)
crosses blood0brain barrier to act on other D2 receptors - extrapyrimidal side effects

Question 26

alcohol and dopaminergic transmission

Answer 26

alcohol stimulates the release of endogenous opioid peptide in VTA
alcohol enhances GABA receptor activity
disinhibition of VTA dopaminergic neurons
alcohol inhibits release of glutamate frrom nerve terminals
enhances dopaminergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens