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NeuroAnatomy > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Glutamate

Synthesized/Stored

A

created in most neurons and glial cells

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2
Q

Glutamate

Where does it function

A

found all over CNS

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3
Q

Glutamate

What are the functions

A
  • involved in every major excitatory brain function
  • learning and memory
  • synaptic plasticity
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4
Q

Glutamate

What is the post-synaptic effect?

A

excitatory

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5
Q

Glutamate

What receptors does it bind with

A

mostly ionotropic
- AMPA, NMDA, Kainate receptors

metabotropic

  • modulate glutamate release
  • affect postsynaptic excitability
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6
Q

ACh

synthesized/stored

A

synthesized in presynaptic terminals of spinal cord, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem

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7
Q

ACh

functions?

A
  • important role at neuromuscular junctions to elicit muscle contraction
  • wakefulness, attentiveness, anger, sexuality
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8
Q

ACh

receptors?

A

Ionotropic: nicotinic receptors (excitatory)

Metabotropic: muscarinic receptors (excitatory or inhibitory)

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9
Q

GABA

where is it synthesized/stored

A

synthesized in cytoplasm of presynaptic neuron from glutamate precursor

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10
Q

GABA

where does it function

A

Main Targets located in cortex, thalamus, brain stem, and posterior hypothalamus

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11
Q

GABA

function?

A

Motor control, vision, alertness, anxiety
Inhibits motor, sensory, and cognitive neurons -> sedation,
muscular/cardiorespiratory relaxation, pain inhibition

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12
Q

GABA

post-synaptic effect

A

inhibitory

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13
Q

GABA

receptors

A

Ionotropic: GABAA receptor

Metabotropic: GABAB receptor

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14
Q

GABA

agonist

A

sedatives

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15
Q

Glycine

where is it synthesized/stored

A

synthesized from serine (amino acid)

found in proteins in the brainstem and spinal cord

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16
Q

Glycine

where does it function

A

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

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17
Q

Glycine

functions?

A
  • Inhibits spinal interneurons
  • Helps prevent the breakdown of muscle
  • Necessary for a healthy digestive system
  • Protects kidneys from harmful side effects of drugs
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18
Q

Glycine

post-synaptic effect

A

inhibitory

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19
Q

Glycine

receptor

A

ionotropic only

- selectively permeable to Cl- which causes the neuron to hyperpolarize

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20
Q

Dopamine

synthesized/stored

A

Synthesized from AA tyrosine via enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase into l-dopa. l-dopa is then metabolised into dopamine

Mid-brain

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21
Q

Dopamine

functions?

A

movements, initiative, working memory

22
Q

Dopamine

post-synaptic effect

A

excitatory and inhibitory

23
Q

Dopamine

receptors

A

metabatropic only

24
Q

Dopamine

where does it function

A

mid-brain

25
Q

Epinephrine

where is it synthesized/stored

A
  • produced in adrenal glands

- stored in adrenal medulla

26
Q

Epinephrine

what are the functions

A

when epi is released: increase in HR, BP, muscle strength, and sugar metabolism.

‘fight or flight”

27
Q

Epinephrine

post-synaptic effect

A

excitatory

28
Q

Epinephrine

receptors

A

Metabotropic only

- Adrenergic

29
Q

Epinephrine

where does it function

A

peripherally

30
Q

Epinephrine

antagonists

A

propanolol (BP med)

31
Q

Epinephrine

antagonists

A

propanolol (BP med)

32
Q

Norepinephrine

where is it synthesized/stored

A

synthesized from dopamine in the adnreal gland

33
Q

Norepinephrine

where does it function

A

Primarily found in cortex: locus ceruleus (pons), medulla and ANS: sympathetic neurons

34
Q

Norepinephrine

functions?

A
  • active surveillance
  • sleep/wake cycle
  • fight or flight
  • attention and focus
  • memory storage
  • emotional control
35
Q

Norepinephrine

post-synaptic effect

A

excitatory

36
Q

Norepinephrine

receptors

A

Metabotropic only

𝛼1,𝛼2 and 𝛽 receptors

37
Q

Norepinephrine

agonists

A

Epinephrine
Amphetamines
Tricyclic antidepressions

38
Q

Norepinephrine

antagonists

A

b blockers

39
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

where is it synthesized/stored

A

produced in raphe nuceli
AND
enterochromaffin cells in GI tract

stored: in synaptic vesicles and platelets

40
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

functions?

A

stabilizes mood, controls bowel movements, responsible for sleep, can cause nausea, help wound healing, and impacts bone health

41
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

post-synaptic effect

A

inhibitory

42
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

receptors

A

Ionotropic: 5-HT3 receptor (excitatory)
Metabotropic: 5-HT1-7 receptors (excitatory or inhibitory)

43
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

agonist

A

lsd

44
Q

Serotonin (5-HT)

antagonist

A

SSRI

45
Q

Histamine

where is it synthesized/stored

A

secrete in hypothalamus

stored in hypothalamus and midbrain

46
Q

Histamine

where does it function

A

mostly outside of the nervous system

47
Q

Histamine

what are the functions

A
  • alertness
  • immune and inflammatory responce to allergens
  • contraction of smooth muscle
  • vasodilator
48
Q

Histamine

post-synaptic effect

A

excitatory

49
Q

Histamine

receptors

A

metabotropic only

50
Q

Histamine

antagonist

A

benadryl

NeuroAnatomy (6 decks)

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