Neurotransmitter

Question 1

Receptors are?

Answer 1

• Receptors are specific for a particular neurotransmitter
• Most receptors have two or more subtypes
• Each receptor subtype is associated with a particular ion channel

Question 2

What is the postsynaptic receptor?

Answer 2

Determines whether a given neurotransmitter will be excitatory or inhibitory at that synapse.

Question 3

Depending upon the receptor subtype the neurotransmitter binds to?

Answer 3

some neurotransmitter will have an excitatory effect in one location, but an inhibitory effect in another location

Question 4

Neurotransmitter have a

Answer 4

single chemical messenger can evoke either an EPSP or an IPSP, depending on the receptor to which it binds.

Question 5

Acetylcholine

Answer 5

• Neuromuscular junction and elsewhere
• Always excitatory at the neuromuscular junction
• Can be excitatory or inhibitory elsewhere
• Cholinergic receptors

Question 6

Dopamine

Answer 6

• Pleasure juice
• Released when a reward is anticipated and/or received
• Excitatory and inhibitory receptors

Question 7

Norepinephrine and Serotonin

Answer 7

Excitatory and inhibitory receptors

Question 8

Glutatmate

Answer 8

• Very important and most prevalent excitatory receptors in the CNS.
• Critical for learning

Question 9

GABA is what?

Answer 9

Very important and most prevalent inhibitory receptors in the CNS

Question 10

Endogenous Opioids

Answer 10

endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphins

• Predominately inhibitory receptors
• Pain perception

Question 11

Neurotransmitter vs. Neuromodulator = Neurotransmitter

Answer 11

A neurotransmitter is released directly into the ECF in the synaptic cleft

• Single synapse effect
• Relatively short term effect

Question 12

Neurotransmitter vs. Neuromodulator = Neuromodulator

Answer 12

A neuromodulator is released into the ECF away from the synaptic cleft.

• Acts on several neurons away from a synapse.
• Longer to take effect
• Longer lasting effect (minutes to days)

Question 13

Neurotransmitter removal from synaptic cleft

Answer 13

• Diffusion out of the synaptic cleft
• Enzymatic degradation
• Reuptake into the presynaptic terminal

Question 14

Neurotransmitter removal

Answer 14

• Reuptake into the presynaptic terminal
• Most common method
• Pull the neurotransmitter molecule off of the receptor and pump it back into the presynaptic terminal
• Degrade and reuse component parts or reuse complete molecule

Question 15

Agonist

Answer 15

mimics a neurotransmitter

Question 16

Antagonist

Answer 16

blocks the synaptic receptor or prevents release of the neurotransmitter

Question 17

Reuptake inhibitor

Answer 17

blocks reuptake pump

Question 18

Botox

Answer 18

Blocks the release of ACh

Question 19

Curare

Answer 19

Blocks ACh receptors

Question 20

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 20

Destruction or blockage of ACh receptors on muscle cells

-increased weakness after repetitive contraction