Neurotransmission & Plasticity

Question 1

The electrical charge on the dendrite comes from _______________________ binding with neurotransmitters.

Answer 1

Receptors

Question 2

the charge on the ___________________ and __________________ can be + or - , strong or weak.

Answer 2

Dendrite; soma

Question 3

The soma is like a __________________________ adding up the + and - charges coming from the dendrites.

Answer 3

calculator

Question 4

Action Potentials (APs) always have a ________________________ charge.

Answer 4

Action Potential

Question 5

APs only vary in ______________________ , not in strength.

Answer 5

Frequency

Question 6

Neurons can have many _______________________ but only one ____________________.

Answer 6

Dendrites (TBs Ok here too!), Axon

Question 7

Terminal Buttons (TBs) store NTs in positively charged _____________________. (v)

Answer 7

vesicles

Question 8

Axons can have many ____________________ ______________________ at their ends.

Answer 8

Terminal Buttons

Question 9

The architecture of a synapse: the ____________________ ___________________ is on one side and the neighboring ____________________ is on the other.

Answer 9

TB or Dendrite

Question 10

A ______________ _____________ ________ is in between. (ffg)

Answer 10

Fluid Filled Gap

Question 11

NTs are ___________________ into the _____________________ when the Action Potential arrives. (e, s)

Answer 11

Ejected, Synapse

Question 12

Neurotransmitters __________________ and activate receptors. (b)

Answer 12

Bind

Question 13

Neurotransmitters bind with receptors in a _______________ ____ _______________ fashion: this means that NTs and receptors are matched- and no cross talk.

Answer 13

Lock and Key

Question 14

Activated receptors cause excitatory or inhibitory changes on a ____________________ . (d)

Answer 14

Dendrite

Question 15

NTs are dissolved by enzymes or re-taken-up by __________________ pumps on the TB. (rhymes with “re-cupcake”)

Answer 15

re-uptake

Question 16

Plasticity is defined as the ability of the brain to _________________ based on genes and _______________________. (c, e)

Answer 16

Change, experience

Question 17

Plasticity is ____________________ in “higher” areas of the brain (cortex) and lower in “lower” areas (brainstem).

Answer 17

Greatest

Question 18

Plasticity is greatest when _____________________ and diminishes with age. (y)

Answer 18

Young or a baby, etc…

Question 19

Frontal lobe _______________________ is lifelong. (p)

Answer 19

Plasticity

Question 20

Plasticity can be “__________________________ ” after injury. This is like “re-routing” a circuit around a break. (rhymes with “re-snapping”)

Answer 20

Re-mapping

Question 21

Plasticity can be strengthening a connection or making new connections when ___________________ something new like a vocabulary word. (rhymes with “ferning”)

Answer 21

learning

Question 22

Plasticity is synaptogenesis = making new __________________________ by growing dendrites and TBs. (s)

Answer 22

synapses

Question 23

Synaptogenesis follows the principle: neurons that fire together _____________ together.

Answer 23

Wire

Question 24

Neurogenesis occurs before birth but has been found in adults in the __________________________ only. (h)

Answer 24

Hippocampus

Question 25

Plasticity is also pruning = ___________________ dendrites or TBs or whole Neurons. (rhymes with snoozing)

Answer 25

eliminating

Question 26

Pruning follows the principle “use it or ___________________ it.”

Answer 26

Lose

Question 27

Pruning increases brain speed and _________________________ . (e)

Answer 27

Efficiency