neurotansmitter

Question 1

Explain the role of glutamate in synaptic plasticity

Answer 1

Explain the role of glutamate in synaptic plasticity
Glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter because it increases the probability that the postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential. It acts on specific receptor sites and increases the
sensitivity of the next neuron. It is involved in learning and memory by having a specific role in synaptic
plasticity by allowing neurons to adapt to changing conditions and in response to experiences. It is also
involved in LTP, the increase in the efficiency of synaptic transmission between neurons

Question 2

Role of Neurotransmitters in consolidating memory

Answer 2

Role of Neurotransmitters in consolidating memory
• Neurotransmitters enable communication of information being learned and leads to functional and structural changes at the synapse to ensure that a memory is long lasting.
• Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and enhances information transfer by making post synaptic neurons more likely to fire. - It plays a vital role in both LTD and LTP.
• Neurotransmitters bind directly to a post-synaptic neuron so therefore have a more immediate effect.

Question 3

role of neurohormones in consolidating memory

Answer 3

Neurohormones
• Neurohormones are chemical messengers that are manufactured by neurons and released by axon terminals.
• However, unlike neurotransmitters, neurohormones are released into capillaries where they are absorbed into the bloodstream and carried to target neurons or cells.
• Neurohormone messages travel through the bloodstream and therefore take a longer period of time to reach the target, however as neurohormones travels through the bloodstream they can have an effect on a more distant target.

Question 4

Adrenaline – consolidating an emotionally arousing experience

Answer 4

Adrenaline – consolidating an emotionally arousing experience

• Adrenaline is a neurohormone that is released in times of emotional arousal and stress.
• Aside from preparing the body to respond to stress in the fight, flight, freeze response, adrenaline also plays a key role in consolidating emotional experiences.
• This is due to adrenaline being released during times of arousal. Adrenaline then stimulates the release of noradrenaline.
• Noradrenaline then activates the amygdala, the amygdala also stimulates the hippocampus, which then works with the amygdala to consolidate these emotional experiences and messages in long -term memory.
• Thus, a single emotional significant event may be strong enough to create a lasting memory.
• This is an adaptive response because it is important to remember potential dangers/threats to increase chances of survival in our environment
• maladaptive- phobias