Neurosyphology Flashcards
What is SLUDD
Salvation (stimulates) Lacrimation (stimulates) Urination (contracts Blatter) Digestion (Stimulates digestion) Defecation (relaxes rectum)
What structures provide protection for the brain?
Dura matter “tough mother”
Arachnoid “middle layer”
Pia matter “soft mater”
How is the nervous system categorized?
CNS, PNS,& ANS
Explains the process of CNS and PNS
The CNS is involved with processing information and the PNS gathers information
What is meant by “pathology”?
A pathology is the study of nature, disease and it causes processes, development, and consequences
What is the CSF and why is it important?
The CFS is cerebrospinal fluid
What is the structure and functions of the meninges?
The meninges is made up of three membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord, it keeps the fluids from entering the brain (dura matter, arachnoid, pia mater)
What are the four parts of the brainstem?
The four parts of the brainstem include hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus.
What part of the brain is responsible for saccades?
The mesencephalon responsible for saccades,
Saccades is a quick, simultaneousmovement in both eyes in the same direction
Name and describe the pathologies of the meninges
Meningitis is the information of the protective membrane covering the spinal cord and the brain
What are opiates and what part of the brain to the effect?
Opiates block pain signals from the medulla oblongata
* morphine heroin and codeine
What structure of the brain is responsible for preparing you for unpredictable events?
The medulla oblongata controls the functions necessary for human life
Compare and contrast the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system allows the body to function under stress fight or flight
Parasympathetic Constant oppositions to sympathetic rest and repose
What part of the brainstem is responsible for muscle movement?
Cerebellum
Describe and explain all the ways the hypothalamus prepares your body for stresses it may encounter
When the hypothalamus senses stress it sends signals to the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine or the pituitary to release a fight or flight response
The functions and structures of the brainstem
Medulla oblongata-vital to the bodies functions (breathing,heart rate)
Mesencephalon-hearing,eye movement, vision, body movement
Cerebellum-movement and posture
Pons-relay center from the brain to cerebellum
Describe hemianopia and akinesia
Hemianopia is blindness in half of the eye
Akinesia is the lack of voluntary movement due to lack of dopamine activity
If you were a doctor and observed dysarthria in the patient, what what is the possible areas of the brain affected, and why?
Dysarthria affects the cerebellum, the cerebellum coordinates motor involuntary movement
In class we learned about pathologies of the cerebellum, the pons and the mesencephalon. However, in general pathologies of the medulla oblongata are more serious why?
Medulla pathologies are more serious because it controls vital organs
Explain in detail how the basal ganglia controls subconscience muscle movement
The basal ganglia controls “subconscious”. Muscle movement beginning with the cerebral cortex sending messages to the basal ganglia. Then the basal ganglia sends a message to the cortex by going through the Thalamus then the cerebral cortex send messages so the motor neuron and interneuron
A sleep cycle consists of five steps, which are in turn divided into two categories: REM sleep and non-REM sleep. REM sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep, occurs toward the end of each cycle and is typically the stage for our most lucid dreams. Conversely, non-REM sleep is generally lighter and dreamless, save for a few fragmentary images here and there
At this stage, sleep is very light and can easily be disrupted. Mental activity begins to slow down, with brain waves
eye movement stops and brain waves become slower, with alpha activity shutting down entirely
Explain the functions of the thalamus. How does Thalamus specifically perform these functions?
The functions of the Thalamus is to relay motor and sensory to the cerebral cortex
What are three possible pathologies of the thalamus? What causes these pathologies? How are these pathologies connected to the function of the thalamus?
Three pathologies of the thalamus are Ataxia, Dejerine ,roussy syndrome
What are the basic functions of the limbic system?
The limbic system supports a variety of functions including epinephrine flow, emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory
