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Neurology > Neurosensory and Neuromotor Organization > Flashcards

Neurosensory and Neuromotor Organization Flashcards

0
Q

Proprioceptors

A

provides sensory info about deep sensation from the skin, muscles, joints, inner ear

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1
Q

Exterocepters

A

sight, sound, smell, cutaneous sensation (sensation localized on the skin)

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2
Q

Interoceptors

A

transmits impulses from the viscera

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3
Q

Agnosia

A

inability to interpret a stimulus and recognize it

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4
Q

Hypoesthesia

A

decreased tactile sensation

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5
Q

Anesthesia

A

complete loss of tactile sensation

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6
Q

Atopognosis

A

inability to localize touch (parietal lesion)

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7
Q

2 point discrimination

A

move 2 points farther and farther apart. Looking for when the person can tell you it is 2 points. parietal lesion

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8
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

increased pain, tenderness

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9
Q

Analgesia

A

complete loss of pain sensibility

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10
Q

Stereognosis

A

ability to perceive weight, form, details of body by touch

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11
Q

Astereognosis

A

inability to recognize common objects by touch (specific to common objects)

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12
Q

Premotor area

A

bilateral postural fixation; recieves information from prefrontal cortex (intention) and parietal lobe (tactile and visual signals); responds mostly to EXTERNAL CUES

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13
Q

Supplementary motor area

A

motor planning, preprogramming movement sequences ALREADY IN motor memory; responds to mostly INTERNAL CUES

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14
Q

Pyramidal system

A

major voluntary pathway for movement, considered direct activation, monosynaptic and therefor FAST

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15
Q

extrapyramidal system

A

indirect activation pathway - regulates reflexes, maintains posture and tone, subconscious, integrates many muscles, inhibitory effect

Basil ganglia and other subcortical nuclei

16
Q

UMN

A

Upper motor neurons (CNS)

17
Q

LMN

A

lower motor neurons (FCP) (PNS)

18
Q

FCP

A

final common pathway

19
Q

paralysis

A

loss of motor movement

20
Q

Hemiparalysis/plegia

A

half (left of right) loss of motor movement

21
Q

bilateral innervation

A

movement is executed/recieves info/commands from both sides of the brain

22
Q

unilateral innervation

A

movement in executed/recieves info/commands from one side of the brain

23
Q

Contralateral innervation

A

movement in executed/recieves info/commands from one side of the brain but it is the opposite side

24
Q

Corticopontine

A

cortex – pons
Pyramidal
type and strength of motor impulse generated in cortex

25
Q

reticulospinal tracts

A

reticular formation – spine
extrapyramidal
maintain flexor/extensor muscle tone to sustain posture and gait; stabilize proximal body parts for platform

26
Q

vestibulospinal tract

A 
vestibular system (inner ear) -- spine 
extrapyramidal 
maintain antigravity tone to sit, stand, maintain non-horizontal posture; fall prevention
27
Q

rubrospinal tract

A

portion of the cerebellum – spine
pyramidal
motor correction

28
Q

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex

A
  • place child supine and turn head to one side, then the other
  • the extremities on chin side should extend, corresponding flexion on contralateral extremities
  • should not be present beyond 8th-9th month
29
Q

Hypertonia

A

increased tone, resistance to movement

30
Q

Hyperflexia

A

exaggerated muscle stretch reflex

31
Q

babinski sign

A

extensor plantar sign (the release of cortical inhibition) the ability to suppress reflexes

32
Q

clonus

A

hyperactive muscle stretch reflexes associated with spasticity showing sustained series of rhythmic beats/jerks when trying to extend muscle

33
Q

Denervation

A

when neural impulse not transmitted to muscle resulting in hypotonia

34
Q

Hypotonia

A

reduced tone (fibrilations fasiculations)

35
Q

Hyporeflexia

A

reduced reflex response

36
Q

Apraxia

A

disorder in performing voluntary learned motor acts (limbs, ideomotor)

37
Q

Alpha motor neuron

A

extrafusal fibers (these contract)
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3

38
Q

Gamma motor neuron

A

intrafusal fibers
attached to extrafusal fibers
muscle spindle

Neurology (1 decks)

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