Neuroscience: The Biological Perspective Flashcards
An extensive network of specialized cells that carry information to and from all parts of the body.
Nervous System
It deals with the structure and function of neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue and their relationship to behavior and learning.
Neuroscience
The division of the nervous system that is made up if the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System
The division of the nervous system that transmits information to and from the central nervous system.
Peripheral Nervous System
The component of the central nervous system that interprets and stores information and send orders to muscles, glands, and organs.
Brain
The component of the central nervous system that serves as a pathway connecting the brain and the peripheral nervous system.
Spinal Cord
The part of the peripheral nervous system that automatically regulates glands, internal organs and blood vessels, pupil dilation, digestion, and blood pressure.
Autonomic Nervous System
The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information and controls movement of the skeletal muscles.
Somatic Nervous System
Two (2) divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Division and Sympathetic Division
The division of ANS that maintains body functions under ordinary conditions; saves energy.
Parasympathetic Division
The division of ANS that prepares the body to react and expand energy in times of stress.
Sympathetic Division
Two (2) main types of Brain Cells
Neuron and Glial Cells
The basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system.
Neurons
These are the main parts of a neuron
dendrites, soma, axon
The branch-like structures of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons.
Dendrites
The cell body of a neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell.
Soma
The long tube-like structure of a neuron that carries the neural message to other cells.
Axon
Grey fatty cells that deliver nutrients and provide support for the neurons to grow, produce myelin to coat axons, and clean up waste products and dead neurons.
Glial Cells
Fatty substances produced by certain glial cells that coat the axons of neurons to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse.
Myelin
Also called as the Schwann’s sheath/membrane; the outermost layer of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
Neurilemma
