Neuroscience-Chapter 1 Flashcards
What principle cells to the animal nervous system contain?
Neurons and glia
What are the three types of neural systems?
Sensory systems, motor systems, and associational systems
How many genes does the human genome contain?
20,000 genes, 14,000 of which are expressed in the brain.
Who thought that each nerve cell was connected to its neighbor?
Camillo Golgi
What are gap junctions?
Specialized intercellular continuities that allow for cytoplasmic continuity and the direct transfer of electrical and chemical signals
What do glial cells do?
Support electrical signals, contribute to the repair of the nervous system, and act as stem cells
Convergence
The number of inputs to a single neuron
Divergence
The number of targets innervated by any one neuron
Synaptic Cleft
The extracellular space that the molecules must traverse
Interneurons
Local circuit neurons with a short axon
Projection Neurons
Long axons meant to traverse long distances
Action Potential
Self-regenerating wave of electrical activity that carries signals over long distances
Where does the action potential propagate?
The axon hillock
What are the most abundant type of synapses?
Chemical synapses
What is the Nissl method?
Staining of the nucleolus and other structures where DNA are found to demonstrate size, density, and distribution of nerve cells are not uniform throughout the brain.
