Neuroscience & Behavior

Question 1

The Neuron

Answer 1

Basic unit of communication through the nervous system

Question 2

3 basic types of neurons

Answer 2

motor, sensory, interneurons

Question 3

The Action Potential

Answer 3

neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon

Question 4

Ion Channels

Answer 4

group of proteins forming a channel that spans a cell membrane, allowing the passage of ions
EX:
Na sodium
K Potassium

Question 5

Threshold

Answer 5

level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 6

Resting Potential

Answer 6

(-70mV)

before and after action potential is complete

Question 7

Depolarization

Answer 7

sodium channels open and rush into the cell making inside more positive than outside

Question 8

repolarization

Answer 8

sodium channels close, closes potassium channels

change in membrane potential from a positive to a negative value

Question 9

Hyperpolarization

Answer 9

passes -70mv

Question 10

refractory period

Answer 10

resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired, action potential can’t occur until returned to resting state

Question 11

glial cells

Answer 11

play a role in learning and thinking

cells in the nervous system that protect, support, and nourish neurons

Question 12

Neurotransmitters

Answer 12

chemical messengers that travel across synapse and bind to receptors influencing whether a neuron will release an impulse

Question 13

Acetylcholine

Answer 13

movement depends on release from motor neurons

Question 14

Dopamine

Answer 14

supports anticipation of rewards

Question 15

Parkinsons Diease

Answer 15

caused by deterioration of dopamine producing cells

difficulty starting and stopping involuntary movements

Question 16

Schizophrenia

Answer 16

increased level of dopamine

Question 17

serotonin

Answer 17

mood, sleep, anxiety, emotion

SSRI

Question 18

norepinephrine

Answer 18

released into the blood as a stress hormone when the brain perceives that a stressful event has occurred

Question 19

GABA

Answer 19

most inhibitor neurotransmitter

decrease associated with anxiety disorders and seizures

Question 20

cannabinoids

Answer 20

endocannabinoids in the brain

motor suppression, movement, cold, pain relief

Question 21

endorphins

Answer 21

released in response to pleasure and pain

Question 22

endocrine system

Answer 22

glands responsible for production of hormones

Question 23

somatic nervous system

Answer 23

nerves to and from spinal cord

carries sensory info to cns and brain

sends commands for muscle movement

Question 24

autonomic nervous system

Answer 24

involuntary functions for survival

heartbeat

Question 25

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

fight or flight system | releases adrenaline

Question 26

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 26

repair system calms body down to maintain energy

Question 27

prenatal brain development

Answer 27

18 days past conception brain starts developing

Question 28

localization

Answer 28

different functions in different areas

Question 29

lateralization

Answer 29

different functions processed on primarily one side of the brain

Question 30

split brain studies

Answer 30

two halves of the brain left hemisphere: breaks everything down right hemisphere: looks at whole picture, facial recognition

Question 31

corpus callosum

Answer 31

bundle of axons that flow between two halves of the brain between two hemispheres

Question 32

forebrain

Answer 32

cerebral cortex, outer covering

Question 33

frontal lobe

Answer 33

front of brain

Question 34

brocas area

Answer 34

production of speech

Question 35

temporal lobes

Answer 35

receives auditory info

Question 36

werneickes area

Answer 36

lesion in lower left temporal lobe cant comprehend language

Question 37

parietal lobe

Answer 37

processes somatic info

Question 38

occipital lobe

Answer 38

receives visual info

Question 39

midbrain structure

Answer 39

relay station signals between hindbrain and forebrain involuntary movement and reflex movement

Question 40

hindbrain structure

Answer 40

involuntary functions for survival links to cerebral dreaming and arousal