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LCRS > Neuroscience and mental health > Flashcards

Neuroscience and mental health Flashcards

1
Q

Features of dendrites

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2
Q

Features of axons

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3
Q

Define neuronal integration

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4
Q

Recall the three different types of synaptic arrangement

A
  • axodendritic
  • axosomatic
  • axoaxonic
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5
Q

Morphological subtypes of neurons

A

-pseudounipolar
-bipolar
-Golgi type I multipolar
Golgi type II multipolar

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6
Q

Functional classifications of neurons

A
  • Sensory neurons
  • Motor neurones
  • Interneurons
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7
Q

Recall the two types of astroglia

A
  • Fibrous

- Protoplasmic

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8
Q

Astroglia

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9
Q

Astroglial functions

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  • Scaffold for neuronal migration and axon growth during development
  • Formation of blood-brain barrier
  • Transport of substances from blood to neurons (important for brain nutrition)
  • Segregation of neuronal processes (synapses)
  • Removal of neurotransmitters
  • Synthesis of neurotrophic factors
  • Neuronal-glial and glial neuronal signalling
  • Potassium ion buffering
  • Glial scar formation
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10
Q

Barrier function of astrocytes

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11
Q

Removal of neurotransmitters by astrocytes

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12
Q

Astrocyte interaction with blood vessels

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13
Q

Oligodendroglia

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14
Q

Oligodendroglial functions

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15
Q

myelin

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16
Q

Microglia

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17
Q

Microglial morphology

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18
Q

Schwann cells

A

-Peripheral glia

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19
Q

Define neurology

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20
Q

The approach to diagnose neurological problems

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21
Q

Decreasing speed of onset

A
  • Traumatic
  • Vascular
  • Toxic/metabolic
  • Infectious
  • Inflammatory/autoimmune
  • Genetic-congenital
  • Neoplastic
  • Degenerative
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22
Q

History

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23
Q

Stroke

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24
Q

Stroke affecting middle cerebral artery

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25
Q

Stroke affecting posterior cerebral artery

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26
Q

Stroke affecting anterior cerebral artery

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27
Q

Treating the complications of a stroke

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28
Q

Treatment to prevent further strokes

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29
Q

Examination to diagnose neurological problems

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30
Q

Parkinsonism clinical features

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31
Q

Define flux

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32
Q

Define voltage

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33
Q

Define current

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34
Q

Define resistance

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35
Q

How can we calculate equilibrium potential?

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Nernst equation

36
Q

Define the electrochemical equilibrium

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37
Q

Role of the neurologist

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38
Q

Neurological investigations

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  • CT (computerised tomography)
  • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
  • Nerve conduction studies
  • EMG(Electromyography)
  • EEG (Electroencephalography)
  • Brain pathology
  • Lumbar puncture to collect cerebrospinal fluid sample
39
Q

Neuroanatomical localisation

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40
Q

Define equilibrium potential

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41
Q

Action potential

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42
Q

Threshold

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43
Q

Refractory period

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44
Q

All or nothing principle

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45
Q

Depolarisation

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46
Q

Repolarisation

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47
Q

Hyperpolarisation

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48
Q

Saltatory conduction

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49
Q

voltage-gated channel

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50
Q

Channel inactivation

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51
Q

Positive feedback

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52
Q

Structural features that effect the conduction velocity along axons

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53
Q

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

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  • primarily based on clinical history
  • supported by MRI which demonstrates characteristic lesions in the central nervous system white matter (high signal gives bright spots) and CSF analysis showing indices of inflammation (inflammatory abnormalities)
54
Q

Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis

A
  • cause is unknown

- inflammation and loss of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS)

55
Q

Therapy of multiple sclerosis

A
  • Immuno-modulatory and immuno-suppressive treatments (which were introduced in the 1990’s) to reduce relapses
  • The effect of these on long-term evolution and on progressive multiple sclerosis remains unclear
56
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

A chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system of unknown cause causing oligodendroglial and axonal pathology

57
Q

Onset of multiple sclerosis

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typically affecting young adults aged 20-40 years

58
Q

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis

A

can involve any neurological function (most commonly sensory, motor and visual symptoms)

59
Q

Clinical course of multiple sclerosis

A

typically begins as relapsing-remitting disorder, evolves into progressive disorder (secondary progressive multiple sclerosis)

LCRS (3 decks)

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