neuroscience and behavior

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

perform information-processing tasks

Question 2

cell body

Answer 2

largest component, coordinates information-processing tasks, keep cell alive

Question 3

dendrite

Answer 3

receives information form nuerons

Question 4

axon

Answer 4

carries information to neurons

Question 5

myelin sheath

Answer 5

carry information more efficiently

Question 6

demyelinating disease

Answer 6

multiple sclerosis cause the myelin sheath to deteriorate

Question 7

synapse

Answer 7

junction between axon and dendrite

Question 8

sensory neuron

Answer 8

receive information

Question 9

motor neuron

Answer 9

carries signals

Question 10

interneuron

Answer 10

connect sensory and motor nuerons

Question 11

purkinje cells

Answer 11

type of interneuron, carries information from cerebellum to brain and spinal cord

Question 12

pyramidal cells

Answer 12

in the cerebral cortex, triangular cell body, single and long dendrite

Question 13

bipolar cells

Answer 13

type of sensory neuron, found in the retina of eye

Question 14

conduction

Answer 14

movement of an electric signal from dendrites to cell body

Question 15

transmission

Answer 15

movement of an electric signal form neuron to another by chemical siganling

Question 16

resting potential

Answer 16

difference in electric charge between in inside and outside of a neuron

Question 17

action potential

Answer 17

sending signals across the neuron

Question 18

refractory period

Answer 18

the time following an action potential

Question 19

node of ranvier

Answer 19

node between myelin sheath

Question 20

saltatory conduction

Answer 20

charge jump form node to node

Question 21

terminal button

Answer 21

knoblike structures at bottom of axon

Question 22

neurotransmitters

Answer 22

chemicals that transmit information across synapse to dendrite

Question 23

receptor

Answer 23

at cell membrane that receive neurotransmitters

Question 24

synaptic transmission

Answer 24

process of resting potential to action potential

Question 25

reuptake

Answer 25

NT are reabsorbed by terminal buttons

Question 26

enzyme deactivation

Answer 26

NT can be destroyed in the synapse

Question 27

autoreceptors

Answer 27

NT can bind to receptor sites

Question 28

Ach

Answer 28

voluntary motor control, found in synapses connect to muscles and body organs, contributes to regulation of attention, learning, dreaming, and memory, related to Alzheimer’s disease阿尔兹海默症

Question 29

dopamine多巴胺

Answer 29

regulates motor behavior, motivation, pleasure, and emotional arousal, drug addiction, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease

Question 30

glutamate

Answer 30

major excitatory兴奋的 NT in the brain, enhance the transmission of info b/w neurons

Question 31

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Answer 31

primary inhibitory NT in brain, stop the firing of neurons, too low: neurons become overactive, causes seizures 痉挛

Question 32

norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素

Answer 32

NT particularly involved in states of vigilance or heightened awareness of dangers in the environment

Question 33

serotonin 血清素

Answer 33

NT that involved in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, and aggressive behavior

Question 34

endorphins 脑内啡

Answer 34

chemicals act within the pain pathways and emotion centers of brain

Question 35

agonist

Answer 35

drugs that increases the action of NT

Question 36

antagonist

Answer 36

drugs that block the function of NT

Question 37

L-dopa

Answer 37

treat Parkinson’s disease, an agonist for dopamine, makes neuron producing more dopamine

Question 38

amphetamine and cocaine

Answer 38

strong agonist of norepinephrine and dopamine, stimulate to produce more and prevent reuptake

Question 39

Opioids 类鸦片

Answer 39

agonist for endorphin抑制疼痛，

Question 40

prozac百忧解

Answer 40

treat depression, agonist of serotonin, block and reuptake of serotonin

Question 41

propranolol 心得安