Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychiatry - NINJA PRITE > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

60 y/o right-handed M, getting lost, only writes on right half of paper. Left-sided hemineglect. Where is the lesion?

A

RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

66 y/o with HTN develops vertigo, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, hiccups, L face numbness,
nystagmus, hoarseness, ataxia of limbs, staggering gait, and tendency to fall to the left. Dx?

A

LATERAL MEDULLARY STROKE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

78 y/o pt had an ischemic stroke that left him with a residual mild hemiplegia. Pt appeared
to be unaware that there was a problem of weakness on one side of this body. When asked
to raise the weak arm, the patient raised his normal arm. When the failure to raise the
paralyzed arm was pointed out to pt, he admitted that the arm was slightly weak. He also
neglects the side of the body when dressing and grooming. Pt did not shave one side of his
face, had difficulty putting a shirt on when it was turned inside out. Area of brain likely
affected by stroke?

A

RIGHT PARIETAL LOBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

26 y.o. w/HA and R-hand clumsiness for weeks. Exam shows difficulty w/rapid alternating
movements of hand, overt intention tremor on finger-to-nose, and mildly dysmetric finger
tamping. CNS intact and no papilledema. Where will damage show on MRI?

A

CEREBELLUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adult neurogenesis in which area of the brain? (x2)

A

HIPPOCAMPUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Previously pleasant mom becomes profane and irresponsible over 6 months. Most likely a
pathology in: (2x)

A

FRONTAL LOBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rapid onset of right facial weakness, left limb weakness, diplopia: (2x)

A

BRAIN STEM INFARCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurogenesis in adult brain is restricted to what region of the brain?

A

DENTATE GYRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MRI scan of head reveals an infarct in distribution of left anterior cerebral artery. Pt most
likely exhibits: (2x)

A

WEAKNESS OF CONTRALATERAL FOOT AND

LEG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bipolar has decreased connectivity here

A

AMYGDALA AND PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Biogenic amine made in Locus Coeruleus

A

NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CNS response to fear mediated by what structure.

A

CENTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE AMYGDALA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain area activated by subliminal presentations of emotional faces

A

AMYGDALA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CNS region containing dopaminergic neurons projecting to caudate and putamen

A

SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Area of brain responsible for face recognition

A

FUSIFORM GYRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Area of brain to remember a number to make a phone call

A

DORSOLATERAL PFC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which part of cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic cortical circuit evaluates painful stimuli

A

LATERAL ORBITOFRONTAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, striatum and ____ are part of a loop circuit that produces
worry and obsessive symptoms

A

THALAMUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The blood brain barrier is made up of what kind of cells?

A

ENDOTHELIAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Orexin is made in what part of the brain?

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

So dopamine neurons in what system is primarily implicated in tasks related to cognitive
processing?

A

MESOCORTICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which dopaminergic pathway includes the nucleus accumbens and mediates addiction and
associated behaviors?

A

MESOLIMBIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Development of brain grey-matter volume peaks at what stage

A

LATE CHILDHOOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In a pt with hippocampus damage, what allows them to still learn new skills like playing
tennis?

A

BASAL GANGLIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

65 y/o pt has a stroke which causes him to fall. On exam, weakness of the right leg, with only
minor weakness of the right hand, no weakness of the face, no sensory deficit. Speech is not
affected, but pt seems unusually quiet and passive. The stroke most likely involves the:

A

LEFT ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hemisensory loss followed by pain and hyperpathia involving all modalities and reaching the
midline of the trunk and head is most consistent with ischemia in the distribution of which of
the following arteries?

A

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Right-side palsy with equal involvement of the face, arm and leg combined with third nerve
palsy is most likely due to occlusion of a branch of which artery?

A

POSTERIOR CEREBRAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bilateral lower extremity weakness, abulia, mutism, urinary incontinence are most likely to
result from occlusion of which of the following arteries?

A

ANTERIOR CEREBRAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pure sensory deficit extending to midline and involving face, arm, trunk, and leg, caused by a
lacunar infarct where?

A

LATERAL THALAMUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Blocking R PCA (posterior cerebral artery) causes which visual disturbance?

A

LEFT HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPSIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The clinical syndrome associated with occlusion of the cortical branch of the posterior
cerebral artery would result in which of the following?

A

HOMONYMOUS HEMIANOPIA WITH ALEXIA

WITHOUT AGRAPHIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

28 y/o cocaine user complains of LBP, numbness in both legs and feet, thighs, buttocks,
abdomen, and says R leg is weak and clumsy, L leg is tired. Has urinary incontinence and
difficulty walking. Decreased light touch, pinprick, and temperature. Normal vibration and
proprioception. DTR is hard to elicit. Muscle tone is normal. Decreased strength in B/L LE but
worse on right. Diagnosis?

A

ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY INFARCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Loss of ability to execute previously learned motor activities (which is not the result of
demonstrable weakness, ataxia or sensory loss) is associated with lesions of?

A

LEFT PARIETAL CORTEX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Normal Romberg w/ eyes open but loses balance with eyes closed. Where is the
abnormality?

A

CEREBELLAR VERMIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Motor speech paradigm activation task on fMRI – hyperactivity in right temporal lobe.
Damage is where?

A

CALCARINE FISSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Aphasia w/ effortful fragmented, non-fluent, telegraphic speech, is seen in a lesion where?

A

POSTERIOR FRONTAL LOBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A pituitary tumor that protrudes through the diaphragmatic sella is most likely to cause?

A

BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Conduction aphasia often occurs as a result of damage to which structure?

A

ARCUATE FASCICULUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Unilateral hearing loss, vertigo, unsteadiness, falls, headaches, mild facial weakness and
ipsilateral limb ataxia is most commonly associated with tumors in what locations?

A

CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

20 y/o with 1-year h/o bitemporal headaches, polydipsia, polyuria, and bulimia plus 2-month
h/o emotional outbursts, aggression, and transient confusion. Neuro exam normal. What will
MRI of brain show?

A

HYPOTHALAMIC TUMOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

34 y/o M is referred for psychiatric evaluation 5 years after sustaining a head injury at work.
Prior to the accident, he was a stable, happily married man. Since the accident, he has been
described as overly talkative and restless. His wife divorced him because he was acting
irresponsibly, which also resulted in termination from his job. Psychometric testing reveals
that the man has average intelligence and no detectable memory deficits. Pt’s clinical
presentation is most consistent with damage to which to the following brain areas?

A

FRONTAL LOBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pt reports headaches and peripheral visual loss. Visual field defects involving the temporal
fields of both eyes are detected. An MRI scan is likely to reveal?

A

A MASS IN THE SELLA TURCICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Unconsciousness can be induced by a small area of damage where?

A

RETICULAR FORMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Acute onset of hemiballismus of LUE & LLE. MRI is most likely to show lesion located where?

A

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Akinetic mutism can result from bilateral infarctions of which of the following structures:

A

ANTERIOR CINGULATE GYRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which lesion causes bilateral coarse nystagmus worsening with visual fixation and present
with horizontal and vertical gaze?

A

BRAINSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

32 y/o pt 1-month hx of worsening headaches, episodic mood swings and occasional
hallucinations with visual, tactile and auditory content. CT head reveals tumor where:

A

TEMPORAL LOBE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What does the cerebellum do in the human adult brain?

A

DIVERSE ROLES IN MOVEMENT, BEHAVIOR, AND

LEARNING

49
Q

Syndrome characterized by fluent speech, preserved comprehension, inability to repeat, w/o
associated signs. Location of lesion in the brain?

A

SUPRAMARGINAL GYRUS OR INSULA

50
Q

Lesions in mammillary bodies will produce what symptoms?

A

AMNESIA, CONFABULATION, LACK OF INSIGHT

51
Q

62yo progressive personality changes, has dull emotions, lack of initiative, and apathy. An
autopsy is likely to show atrophy of …?

A

FRONTAL LOBE

52
Q

Implantation of deep brain stimulation electrodes is an effective tx for Parkinson’s. Optimal
location for electrodes?

A

SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS

53
Q

Deep brain stimulation in which brain structure is a useful treatment for primary generalized
dystonia?

A

GLOBUS PALLIDUS

54
Q

Mesolimbic DA pathway includes which structure?

A

VENTRAL STRIATUM

55
Q

In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these
neurons reside in which area of the brain?

A

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA

56
Q

Neural plasticity is largely mediated through the capacity to rapidly change in number and
morphology of what?

A

DENDRITIC SPINES

57
Q

The uncinated fasciculus connects which of the following brain areas?

A

ANTERIOR TEMPORAL AND VENTRAL PREFRONTAL

REGIONS

58
Q

What are the cortical columns?

A

FUNCTIONAL UNITS FOR INFORMATION

PROCESSING

59
Q

Abnormal emotional expressions such as pathological laughter or crying caused by lesions
affecting cortical subcortical circuits linking frontal cortex, pons and what?

A

CEREBELLUM

60
Q

Exposure to light effects which brain structure?

A

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

61
Q

When does synaptogenesis peak?

A

FIRST 4 YEARS OF LIFE

62
Q

Why does the brain rapidly increase in size from birth to two years old?

A

SYNAPTOGENESIS OF NEURONS

63
Q

Where does the neuron morphology in the brain change the most?

A

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

64
Q

Threatening objects produce startle response prior to person becoming consciously aware.
Connection of thalamus to what?

A

AMYGDALA

65
Q

Huntington’s disease characterized by loss of neurons producing which NT

A

GABA

66
Q

17y/o is evaluated for binge eating associated with a 60 lb weight gain over the past four
months. CT shows a craniopharyngioma that likely disrupts what structure?

A

VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS

67
Q

What is an accurate statement about the brain’s default mode network?

A

IS INVOLVED IN REPROCESSING PREVIOUSLY

EXPERIENCED STIMULI

68
Q

The most likely reason that adults are superior to adolescents in abstract thinking. The brain
undergoes:

A

SYNAPTIC PRUNING

69
Q

Dorsal-lateral-pre-frontal cortex plays an important role in what activity?

A

WORKING MEMORY

70
Q

Drug abuse activates these neuro circuits, generating signals in the ventral tegmental area to
where?

A

DOPAMINE INTO THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS

71
Q

Ninety-five percent of right-handed people develop left hemispheric dominance for
language. What percentage of left handed people develop left hemispheric dominance for
language?

A

75%

72
Q

Neural pathway mediating reactive aggression?

A

AMYGDALA-HYPOTHALAMUSPERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY

73
Q

Area of frontal cortex activated in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test during shifting of cognitive
sets?

A

DORSOLATERAL

74
Q

After middle age, what region of the brain has decreasing sleep spindle density?

A

FRONTAL AND OCCIPITAL LOBES

75
Q

What neurodevelopmental process predominately occurs during adolescence and young
adulthood?

A

SYNAPTIC PRUNING

76
Q

Wear in the brain are circadian rhythms related to sleep behavior set and maintained?

A

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS

77
Q

What sensation is transmitted through the spinothalamic tract?

A

PAIN

78
Q

Ability to temporarily store and manipulate information such as in mental arithmetic:

A

: WORKING MEMORY

79
Q

Neural circuit that connects anterolateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior part of the putamen,
and the thalamus is involved in what cognitive function?

A

AFFECTIVE PROCESSING

80
Q

What type of glial cells form myelin sheaths in the PNS?

A

SCHWANN

81
Q

Region of the brain most closely associated with cortical processing of faces

A

LEFT PARIETAL

82
Q

This hypothalamic nuclei is key to integration of neural and nutrient signals with hormonal
signals from the small intestine, pancreas, liver, adipose tissue and brainstem

A

ARCUATE NUCLEUS

83
Q

Region of brain connected with the anterior medial frontal cortex during recognition of
affective behavior by mirror neuron system.

A

INSULA

84
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone is release from which brain region during stress?

A

PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS

85
Q

Which cell types secretes innate pro-infammatory cytokines TNF - alpha and Il -1 B in pts
with inflammatory conditions that affect the brain? (X2)

A

MICROGLIA

86
Q

Hormone released from adipose tissues, enters the brain and provides negative feedback /
reduces food intake, regulates fat stores?

A

LEPTIN

87
Q

Process of calcium mediated long-lasting increase in AMPA receptor signal transmission

A

LONG-TERM POTENTIATION

88
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete when you are stressed?

A

CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE CRH

89
Q

The rapid learning demonstrated by children during the school-age years is paralleled
neurodevelopmentally by which of the following brain processes?

A

INCREASE IN WHITE MATTER

90
Q

The cortical synaptic remodeling characteristic of normal adolescence is also believed to be
associated with what neurobiological change?

A

PREFERENTIAL LOSS OF EXCITATORY SYNAPSES

91
Q

The most important feature of post natal brain development is an increase in what?

A

NUMBER OF DENDRITIC AND AXONAL

PROCESSES

92
Q

What occurs when the central nervous system responds to an acute cortical insult?

A

MICROGLIA PROCESSES RETRACT, AND THE CELL

BODY ENLARGES

93
Q

Hormone release during sleep which doesn’t have a circadian rhythm pattern:

A

GROWTH HORMONE

94
Q

Neuronal plasticity for learning and memory is best accounted for by:

A

SYNAPTIC CONNECTIVITY

95
Q

Positive effect of neuroinflammatory response: activation of microglia in response to
repeated social defect, microglial priming and hyper-reactivity following a CNS injury, chronic
microglial activation following TBI, microglial propagation of cytokines with associated
decreased physical activity in response to a peripheral infection, increased cytokine
inflammatory genes and decreased anti-inflammatory genes associated with increasing age.

A

MICROGLIAL PROPAGATION OF CYTOKINES
WITH ASSOCIATED DECREASED PHYSICAL
ACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO A PERIPHERAL
INFECTION

96
Q

Potent neuroprotective factor preventing neuronal cell death (apoptosis)

A

PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATING

POYPEPTIDE

97
Q

What type of receptor is a glucocorticoid receptor?

A

NUCLEAR

98
Q

How estrogen modulates effects on neuroinflammation

A

DECREASED INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES

99
Q

What do you call a modulator that enhances receptor function when an agonist is present
but does not directly activate the receptor?

A

POSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR

100
Q

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor associate with reward properties of nicotine

A

ɑ4β2

101
Q

DA release in what structure represents common final event assoc w reinforcing effects of
opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, PCP, and alcohol? (4x)

A

NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS

102
Q

Role of glycine at NMDA receptor (x2)

A

OBLIGATE COAGONIST

103
Q

Which neurotransmitter system is the last to mature in the CNS of children and
adolescents? (2x)

A

CHOLINERGIC

104
Q

A compound that increases muscle mass by increasing episodic secretion of GH (2x):

A

GAMMA HYDROXYLBUTYRATE

105
Q

Highest concentration of 5HT producing cells in brain?

A

RAPHE NUCLEI

106
Q

DA and what else regulates reward circuitry

A

GABA

107
Q

Neuroimaging technology most useful in studying connectivity pathways:

A

SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION CT SCAN

108
Q

What area of the body has the most serotonin?

A

GI TRACT

109
Q

What neurotransmitter has been associated with anxiety?

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

110
Q

Positive allosteric modulators of neurotransmitter-gated, multimeric ion channels do what?

A

INCREASE PROBABILITY OF OPENING IN

PRESENCE OF A LIGAND

111
Q

Where are the major clusters of cell bodies containing serotonin in brain?

A

RAPHE NUCLEUS IN THE BRAIN STEM

112
Q

Principal mechanism of termination of synaptic activity of dopamine in prefrontal cortex?

A

DIFFUSION

113
Q

Opiates inhibit Camp dependent protein phosphorylation in:

A

LOCUS CERULEUS

114
Q

Neurotransmitter maintains consistent levels with age:

A

SEROTONIN

115
Q

Which neurotransmitters are reduced in quantity, uptake and turnover is spasticity?

A

GLYCINE & GABA

116
Q

The cognitive enhancement associated with experimental D-cycloserine treatment in pt’s
with schizophrenia has been attributed to enhancement of NMDA receptor activity by which
of the following neurotransmitters?

A

GLYCINE

117
Q

In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to nucleus accumbens. Cell bodies of these
neurons reside in which area of brain?

A

VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA

118
Q

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly inhibitory?

A

GLYCINE

Psychiatry - NINJA PRITE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions