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Mind & Brain > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Main purpose of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

How is the autonomic nervous system divided?

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

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3
Q

Main role of parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

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4
Q

Main role of sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

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5
Q

Parasympathetic nervous systems mostly releases…

A

acetylcholine

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6
Q

Sympathetic nervous system mostly releases…

A

norepinephrine

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7
Q

When did the first nervous system develop?

A

550-600 million years ago

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8
Q

the nervous system is divided into the…

A

central and peripheral nervous systems

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9
Q

the peripheral nervous system is divided into the…

A

autonomic and somatic nervous systems

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10
Q

How many layers in the cortex are there and what are they called?

A 
I. molecular
II. external granular
III. external pyramidal
IV. internal granular
V. internal pyramidal
VI. multiform
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11
Q

Four lobes of the cortex

A

Occipital, frontal, temporal, and parietal

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12
Q

3 main brain structures

A

brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebrum

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13
Q

Brain stem is divided into … and it’s roles include [6 options]

A

Medula oblongata, pons, and midbrain … breathing, heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, hunger and thirst

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14
Q

Role of thalamus

A

relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

The hypothalamus connects the ____ system to the ____ system via the ___ gland

A

nervous, endocrine, pituitary

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16
Q

What’s a ventricle?

A

a cavity cerebrospinal fluid

17
Q

the head and neck area are controlled by [number] [name] nerves

A

12, cranial

18
Q

The rate of cerebral blood flow in an adult is typically ___ milliliters per minute—__% of cardiac output.

A

750, 15%

19
Q

most of the more than ____ identified neurotransmitters are synthesized from basic _______

A

100 … amino acids

20
Q

when and by who was the first neurotransmitter discovered

A

1921 by Otto Loewi

21
Q

neurotransmitters are divided into __ types based on molecular structure, what are they?

A

3: acetylcholine, biogenic amines, amino acids

22
Q

Serotonin, GABA, Glycine are examples of [inhibitory, excitatory, or both] neurotransmitters

A

inhibitory

23
Q

Epinephrine, Glutamate, Aspartate are examples of [inhibitory, excitatory, or both] neurotransmitters

A

excitatory

24
Q

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Acetylcholine are examples of [inhibitory, excitatory, or both] neurotransmitters

A

both

25
Q

____ are created in the neuron, and travel down the axon and “dock” at the terminal. In the ______ terminal they fuse with the membrane of the axon in a process called _____, which is triggered by ____ ions (Ca2+), releasing neurotransmitters into the _____ cleft.

A

Vesicles, presynaptic, exocytosis, calcium, synaptic

26
Q

The synaptic cleft is _____ wide.

A

20-40 nm

27
Q

Synapses can connect to [along with term]:

1. Dendrites
2. other axons
3. cell bodies
A
  1. axodendritic synapse
  2. axoaxonic synapse
  3. axosomatic synapse
28
Q

resting membrane potential of a neuron is about…

A

-70mv

29
Q

threshold required for a neuron to fire

A

-55mv

30
Q

level an action potential reaches

A

+40mv

31
Q

______ is positive, sits outside the membrane.

______ is negative, sits inside the membrane

A

Potassium

Sodium

32
Q

Rough number of neurons in the brain

A

86 billion

33
Q

___% of the neurons in the brain are excitatory, while __% are inhibitory

A

80;20

34
Q

brain requires around ___ kCal/day

A

516

35
Q

What are the [number] types of neurons called?

A

4: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, pseudounipolar

36
Q

how fast can an action potential travel down an axon?

A

200 mph

37
Q

what are nodes of ranvier?

A

spaces in myelin that help to recharge signal

38
Q

What is Saltatory conduction?

A

the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to another.

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