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AP Psych > Neuroscience > Flashcards

Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Dendrites

A

Where neurons receive signals from other cells

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2
Q

Axon

A

Where neurons are sent through
Connect cell body to terminal branches
Carry message away from cell body

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3
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Surround and protect axon

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4
Q

Action potential

A

Short electrical charge that travels down axon

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5
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease in which immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves
Degeneration of myelin sheath

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6
Q

Depolarization

A

Creates action potential

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7
Q

Synapse

A

Junction btw a sending and receiving neuron

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8
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Each travel a designated path in the brain and has a particular effect on behavior and emotions
Released into junctions btw neurons

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9
Q

Phrenology

A

Founded by franz guel

Early theory that bumps on skull reveal ability and traits

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10
Q

Neural impulse

A

All or none response

Myelin sheath speeds it up

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11
Q

Nervous system

A

Body’s SPEEDY electrochemical system

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12
Q

Inter neurons

A

Send info from spinal cord to brain within CNS

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13
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry info to CNS

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14
Q

Motor neurons

A

Part of peripheral ns

Carry info from CNS to muscles and glands

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15
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Transports messages from spinal cord to stomach

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16
Q

Knee jerk reflex

A

Controlled by interneurons in SPINAL CORD

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17
Q

Neural networks

A

Inter connecting clusters of neurons in the CNS

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18
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers of endocrine system

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19
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream

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20
Q

Lesion

A

Surgical destruction of brain tissue

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21
Q

MRI

A

Uses medical fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue
Ex: can detect areas of brain fluid in schizophrenic

22
Q

PET

A

A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes when brain performs a given task

23
Q

EEG

A

Electric activity

24
Q

Old brain

A

Brain stem->limbic system->cortex

25
Q

Reticular formation

A

Involved with arousal and alertness

26
Q

Brain stem

A

Deepest/oldest brain structure

27
Q

Medulla

A

If destroyed life is threatened bc medulla controls heartbeat and breathing

28
Q

Amygdala

A

Linked to emotion

29
Q

Angular gyrus

A

Transforms visual representation into auditory code

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Processss memory

31
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Transmits info from one hemisphere to another

32
Q

Thalamus

A

Brains sensory switchboard located on top of brain stem

Involved with physical pleasure

33
Q

Limbic system

A

Associated with emotions and drives for food and sex

Associated with addictive drug cravings

34
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain

Balance coordination

35
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Conscious awareness

36
Q

Motor cortex

A

Rear of frontal lobes

Controls voluntary movement

37
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Sense of touch*

38
Q

Broca’s area

A

Controls muscle movement involved in speech

39
Q

Wernickes area

A

Language reception - INVLOVED in language comprehension and expression

40
Q

Plasticity

A

When one area of the brain can take over for another part of the brain that is damaged
*children

41
Q

Laterization

A

Hemispheric specialization

42
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment of language (ex:some can read can’t write, some can sing not speak)

43
Q

Association areas

A 
Cortical regions (cortex)
Not directly involved in sensory or motor function
44
Q

Left handedness

A

Genes or pre natal factors play a role in handedness

45
Q

Occipital lobes

A

Receive visual info

46
Q

Parietal lobss

A

Touch and body position

47
Q

Frontal lobes

A

Muscle movement, making plans, judgments, speaking

48
Q

Glial cells

A

Support , nourish and protect neurons

49
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Link btw NS and endocrine system

50
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Receive auditory info from opposite ear

AP Psych (5 decks)

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