Neuroradiology

Question 1

Choroid plexus

Answer 1

Site of CSF production

Body
Temporal horns
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

Question 2

Obex

Answer 2

Opening of ventricles to spinal canal

Question 3

Four recesses of the third ventricle

Answer 3

Chiasmatic (Supraoptic) recess

Infundibular recess

Suprapineal recess

Pineal recess

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 4

Massa intermedia

Answer 4

Interthalamic adhesion: connects bilateral thalami

Question 5

Foramen of Monro

Answer 5

Connects the lateral ventricles and third ventricle

Question 6

Transtentorial herniation

Answer 6

Medial temporal lobe, uncus
Goes under the tentorium
Compresses: cerebral peduncle, CN III, PCA
Duret hemorrhages
Upward: compresses foramen of aqueduct

Question 7

Three types of herniations

Answer 7

Subfalcine
Transtentorial
Cerebellar tonsillar

Question 8

Subfalcine herniation

Answer 8

cingulate gyrus
under falx cerebri
compresses ACA
foramen of Monro obstruction (contralateral hydrocephalus)

Question 9

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 9

compresses medulla (respiratory centers) –> fatal

Question 10

Reduced diffusivity

Answer 10

Water ions trapped inside cells

Question 11

Fourth ventricle

Answer 11

drains into the subarachnoid space and basal cisterns via foramena (Magendie and Luschka)

Question 12

NO choroid plexus in

Answer 12

cerebral aqueduct

occipital horns

frontal horns

Question 13

Ventricular volume

Answer 13

25 mL

Question 14

Subarachnoid space volume

Answer 14

125 mL

Question 15

Total CSF volume

Answer 15

150 mL

Question 16

CSF production/day

Answer 16

500 mL/day

Replenished 3-4x/day

Question 17

Arachnoid granulations

Answer 17

absorb CSF

extend into dural venous sinuses

(produced by choroid plexus)

Question 18

CSF absorbed by:

Answer 18

arachnoid granulations
lymphatics
cerebral veins

Question 19

Causes of edema:

Answer 19

cell death
altered capillary permeability
hemodynamic forces

Question 20

cytotoxic edema

Answer 20

cell death

Question 21

vasogenic edema

Answer 21

increased capillary permeability

Question 22

interstitial edema

Answer 22

hemodynamics

Question 23

CN III palsy

Answer 23

eye is down and out

pupillary dilation

Question 24

Duret hemorrhages

Answer 24

upper brainstem hemorrhages

2/2 shearing of perforating vessels by herniation

Question 25

Communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 25

NPH, SAH

Question 26

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 26

can impede arachnoid granulation reabsorption of CSF

Question 27

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

Answer 27

third ventricular colloid cyst

posterior fossa mass obstructing fourth ventricle

Question 28

Extra-axial

Answer 28

outside of the pia mater

Question 29

Basal cisterns

Answer 29

Suprasellar 
Prepontine
Interpeduncular
Ambient
Quadrigeminal