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term 2 control yr 2 > Neuroradiology > Flashcards

Neuroradiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best detial for CT and MRI?

A

CT –> bone

MRI –> soft tissue

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2
Q

What is the main features of CT?

A

Use of Xray, high radation, low cost, readily available and scan time is short

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3
Q

What is the main features of MRI?

A

Magenetic field used but no radation, high cost, and not always available and scan time is long

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4
Q

Can you have different Ct windows?

A

Yes you can have different windows that have a preferance to show different things such as bone fracture or a bleed.
You can have a braina dn bone window

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5
Q

In a stroke emergency what would you use first a CT or MRI and what are you trying to investigate?

A

You would use a Ct scan and try and identify whether or not is a hemorrhage stroke

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6
Q

On CT what does the different colours indicate/

A

White is bone
WAter is grey
Air is black

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7
Q

What are the two types of MRI scan?

A

T1 and T2 weighted MRI

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a T1 weighted MRI scan?

A

Grey/white is right
Fluid is dark
Fat is bright
Also bright – protein, melanin, contrast

See anatomy better

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9
Q

What are the characterstics of a T2 weight MRI scan?

A

Grey/white is wrong
Fluid is bright
Fat is not so bright

See pathology better

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10
Q

What is mass effect?

A

compression of the brain –>moving things out of the way

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11
Q

When looking at a MRI scan what are you looking for?

A 
Blood
Grey/white differentiation
Oedema
Mass effect
Ventricular size
Bones
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12
Q

What are all the prefix for the stroke classification?

A

TAC_ – Total Anterior Circulation
PAC_ – Partial Anterior Circulation -
LAC_ – Lacunar
POC_ – Posterior Circulation

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13
Q

What is the sufix for the stroke classification?

A

S – Syndrome
_I – Infarct
_H – Haemorrhage

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14
Q

What area is damaged by TAC and what is the symptoms?

A

Large cortical stroke in middle / anterior
cerebral artery areas.

Diagnosis have all 3 of:
All three of the following:
1. Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory
deficit) of face, arm and leg
2. Homonymous hemianopia
3. Higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia,
visuospatial disorder
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15
Q

What area is damaged by PAC and what is the symptoms?

A

Cortical stroke in middle / anterior
cerebral artery areas

Diagnosis have 2 of the 3:
1.Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory
deficit) of face, arm and leg
2. Homonymous hemianopia
3. Higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia,
visuospatial disorder
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16
Q

What area is damaged by POC and what is the symptoms?

A

Posterior circulation

Diagnosis by having one of

  1. Cerebellar or brainstem syndromes
  2. Loss of consciousness
  3. Isolated homonymous hemianopia
17
Q

What area is damaged by LACS and what is the symptoms?

A

Subcortical stroke due to small vessel dieing

Diagnose by having one of:
Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit)
of face and arm, arm and leg or all three.
Pure sensory stroke.
Ataxic hemiparesis

18
Q

What is lacunar stroke?

A

Is a type of stroke that results from a occlusion of a small artery deep in the brain that provide blood to deep brain structurs such as grey matter.

19
Q

Why should you scan when a stroke patient comes in?

A

Exclude haemorrhage

Prove ischaemic stroke

20
Q

When should you do a scan of a person who has had a potential stroke within the hour?

A

Loss of GCS, if patient on anticoagulant, have GCS that is fluctuating, Focal neurology

21
Q

What do you do if a Ct scan does not show any sign of stroke on a patient who you think has one?

A

DWI weighting MRI shows acute stroke

22
Q

What are the Ct signs of a heamrrhagic stroke?

A

Blood – hyperdense (bright)

Mass effect

23
Q

What are the CT signs of a ischeamic stroke?

A

Thrombus in vessel – hyperdense (bright)
Loss of grey/white
Oedema – hypodense (dark)
Mass effect

24
Q

What are the different types of extra axial haemorrhage?

A

Extra dural

Sub-dural

Sub-arachanoid

25
Q

What is the indication of the age of the haemorrhage?

A

Acute –> Hyperdense –>Bright

Sub-acute –> Isodense –> Grey

Chronic –> Hypodense –> Dark

26
Q

What occurs in Subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding between the Arachanoid and Pia matter

The blood occupies the CSF spaces - sulci, fissures, ventricles, basal cisterns

27
Q

Cause of Subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Traumatic
Spontaneous
Ruptured aneurysm

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Worst-ever’ / ‘thunderclap’ headache
Blood irritates meninges

Vomitting

29
Q

What occurs in extradural haemorrhage?

A

Damage to the middle meningeal artery usually such as trauma to the Pterion region. Build up of blood between the skull and dura matter

Usually occur with a fracture

30
Q

What is the consequence of extradural heamorrhage?

A

Dura is peeled off the skull

Loss of grey and white matter differentiation

31
Q

How is extradural heamorrhage treated?

A

Treated with burr hole to relieve the pressure on the brain

32
Q

What is the cause of Subdural haemorrhage and where does it occur?

A

Between dura and arachnoid mater

Usually tearing of bridging veins that cross the dural space
Venous bleed
Gradual increase in headache and confusion

33
Q

Who are at more risk of subdural haemorrhage?

A

Elderly people and alcoholics –> shrunken brain so less of a good fit.
People on anticoagulant medication

Cause is usually trauma

34
Q

What shape is the subdural haemorrhage?

A

Subdural haematoma forms a crescent-shaped collection

35
Q

What shape is formed by extradural haemorrhage?

A

Forms a lens-shaped collection

36
Q

What does coup and contre-coup inuury mean in terms of head injury?

A

In head injury, a coup injury occurs under the site of impact with an object, and a contrecoup injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit.

term 2 control yr 2 (6 decks)

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