Neuropyschiatric Complications of TBI

Question 1

Is translational or rotational force worse?

Answer 1

Rotational

Can cause brainstem stretch

Question 2

Where are the 2 most injured areas of the brain

Answer 2

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Question 3

3 types of primary brain injury

Answer 3

Contusion
Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury

Question 4

What causes secondary injury

Answer 4

Ischemia
Excitotoxicity
Inflammation
Apoptosis
Cell swelling

Question 5

Mild TBI

1. LOC time
2. PTA time
3. GCS Score

Answer 5

1. < 30 mins
2. < 24 hours
3. 13-15

Question 6

Moderate TBI

1. LOC time
2. PTA time
3. GCS Score

Answer 6

1. < 24 hours
2. < 1 week
3. 9-12

Question 7

Severe TBI

1. LOC time
2. PTA time
3. GCS Score

Answer 7

1. > 24 hours
2. > 1 week
3. 3-8

Question 8

Ratio between anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Answer 8

10:1

Lose more anterograde events

Question 9

GCS criteria for:

Eye opening

Answer 9

4: spontaneous
3: to sound
2: to pressure
1: none

Question 10

GCS criteria for:

Verbal response

Answer 10

5: oriented
4: confused
3: words
2: sounds
1: none

Question 11

GCS criteria for:

Motor response

Answer 11

6: obeys commands
5: localising
4: normal flexion
3: abnormal flexion
2: extension
1: none

Question 12

Complicated mTBI

Answer 12

When you meet the criteria for a mild TBI but you have some evidence of damage to your brain on neuroimaging

Question 13

6 things involved in neurocognitive disorder

Answer 13

Complex attention
Executive function
Learning and memory
Language
Perceptual-motor
Social cognition

Question 14

3 primary symptoms of TBI

Answer 14

Mood symptoms
Sleep
Headache

Question 15

Secondary symptoms

Answer 15

Balance
Dizziness/vertigo
Cognitive impariment
Fatigue
Tinnitus/noise intolerance

Question 16

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)

Answer 16

Progressive neurodegenerative disease
Repetitive is necessary but not sufficient for expression
Mood and behavious symptoms, motor signs
Delayed onset
Perivascular accumulation of tau in an irregular, focal, perivascular pattern at the depths of the cortical sulci

Question 17

4 stages of CTE

Answer 17

1: no symptoms (but tau if building up)
2: rage, impulsivity, depression
3: confusion, memory loss
4: advanced dementia

Question 18

Do people with a single concussion get CTE?

Answer 18

No!!