Neuropsychology and OT Conditions Flashcards
Gray Matter Is?
Unmyelinated axons
What is a reflex arc? What is it’s purpose?
A neural circuit that occurs at the level of the spinal cord
Connects sensory information with motor neuron via an interneuron without the need for cortical processing
It is a protective function that allows us to react quickly to a possible painful or dangerous situation
Describe two major categories of long term memory and where in the brain they are located?
Procedural memory - unconscious recall for motor movements parietal, prefrontal and cerebellum
Declarative memory - memory for facts that can be stated includes semantic - meaning and episodic- coded at a time and place
Autonomic Dysreflexia?
Complication of a spinal cord injury above T6.
Sensory stimuli reaches the spinal cord and sets of reflex reactions of the autonomic nervous system.
No message reaches the cortex to be interpreted so no inhibitory mechanisms take place.
Neglect?
Inability to attend or respond to stimuli in the space contralateral to the side of the brain damage.
Broca’s Area?
Located in the left inferior temporal lobe this is the area of the brain required for producing language including written or spoken
Person Factors in PEOP Model? X 6 with examples
Psychological - personality Cognitive - attention Motor - movement Sensory - visual Spiritual- beliefs, meaning Physiological- endurance, strength
Agnosia?
The inability to recognise familiar objects due to a breakdown in connections between sensory receptors in the cortex and memory of prior stimuli
Bradykinesia?
slow ability to initiate and continue movement
Associated with Parkinsons
Environmental Factors of the PEOP Model?
Built and Natural Assistive Technology Social Capital/Support Education/Policy Culture Social Determinants
Wernicke’s Area?
Located in the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere.
This area is responsible for the comprehension of language inc spoken and written
With experience the motor skills required to drive a car become more automatic because of changes in the?
Cerebellum
Osteoarthritis Vs Rheumatoid Arthritis?
OA is degenerative and is a breakdown of cartilage and RA is an autoimmune disease that attacks synovial fluid.
Upper Motor Neuron Lesion?
Occurs in the CNS above the anterior horn of the spinal cord.
Symptoms include: altered muscle tone
hyperreflexia and bradykinesia
What is Neuroplasticity?
The brains ability to generate and regenerate neuronal pathways to create synapses.
Slow continuous stretching could relax a muscle by stretching the ……
Golgi tendon Organs
Somatic Nervous System?
Nerves that convey messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles
Multiple Sclerosis?
An autoimmune disorder that attacks the myelin sheath. This demyelination and the build up of scar tissue on the nerves results in reduced function in the area of the brain affected.
Limbic System?
Involved in emotions and learned fear. Involves Hippocampus Amygdala Thalamus Cingulate Gyrus Hypothalamus
Coronary Artery Disease
VS
Myocardial Infarction
CAD because of atherosclerosis (a build of cholesterol, fat and calcium) in the arteries reducing blood supply to the heart
Myocardial Infarction - Over time CA leads to a hardening and narrowing of blood vessels reducing flow of blood to the heart completely leading to lack of oxygen and tissue death.
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- Group of lung diseases characterised by airflow of obstruction that interferes with normal breathing due to:
- lungs losing elasticity
- Walls of airway becoming inflamed
Mucus in the airway leading to a blockage
What does the vestibular system detect?
Movement of the head for equilibrium
Schizophrenia?
A mental illness affecting the way a person thinks, feels and acts.
Positive Symptoms - are behaviours that are present that shouldn’t be such as delusions.
Negative symptoms - are those that are not present but should be such as sleep, speech etc.
Korsakoff’s Syndrome?
Is marked by severe memory problems due to alcohol consumption.
The functions of the cerebellum?
Coordinates voluntary smooth balanced movements including.
- balance
posture
coordination
The order that visual information passes through the retina?
Receptor Cells
Bipolar Cells
Ganglion Cells
Definition of spasticity?
a motor disorder causing increased muscle tone and rigidity due to the hyper excitable
Occipital Lobe location and function and connections?
Located inferior of the parietal lobe and superior of the cerebellum the occipital lobe. The function of the occipital lobe is the visual processing part of the brain. It houses the primary and secondary visual cortex and has two projecting streams. The dorsal stream or the what stream projecting to the parietal lobe and the ventral stream or the Where stream projecting to the temporal lobe.
Parietal Lobe Location and function and connection?
Parietal lobe lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus. Areas include the post central gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) that receive information re touch, muscles stretch and joint movement. The parietal lobe receives sensory information and processes it according to eye, head and body location and passes it on to the area of the brain that controls movement.
Dermatome
a limited area of the body that a spinal nerve innervates.
muscle spindle
A proprioceptor parallel to the muscle that responds to a stretch
stretch reflex
caused by a stretch
Golgi tendon organ
a proprioceptor that responds to increased muscle tension.
Basal Ganglia
Responsible for self initiated movement in particular the vigour of movement.
What is the neuromuscular junction?
A chemical Synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fibre. The prominent neurotransmitter is Acetylcholine.
Explanation of Executive Function and 2 behaviours that are associated with it.
A group of higher order cognitive functions, processes and abilities that govern lower level functions. Behaviours include sustained and divided attention, emotion regulation and behaviour modification.
