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NeuroPsychology > Neuropsych test #1 > Flashcards

Neuropsych test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gyri

A

are folds or bumps in the cortex

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2
Q

sulci

A

are creases or indentations in the
cortex

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3
Q

The spinal cord

A

conveys information into the brain and sends information from the brain
to the muscles about movement.

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4
Q

The brainstem

A

mediates regulatory functions like eating
and drinking, and the forebrain mediates cognitive functions.

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5
Q

Descartes

A

believed the mind and body were separate entities. He viewed the nonmaterial mind as controlling the material body through the pineal body in the brain.

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6
Q

Broca’s clinical studies established that

A

speech was associated with damage to the third frontal convolution of the cortex in the left frontal lobe. This is probably the first documented lateralized function in the human brain.

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7
Q

Wernicke created the first model of how

A

the brain produces language where damage to the left temporal lobe would result in the inability to understand language, even though speech movements from Broca’s area were intact and hearing preserved. This introduced the idea that independent modules handled different aspects of language processing even though they worked together.

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8
Q

In the hierarchical organization model of Hughlings-Jackson, he suggested that

A

behaviors were represented in each level of the hierarchy, such that damage at one level leaves a simpler form of the behavior from the lower parts of the hierarchy. This was consistent with both localizationist and antilocalization research results.

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9
Q

Hughlings-Jackson suggested that the

A

spinal cord, brainstem, and forebrain had developed successively, in that order, during evolution and that earlier-evolved animals and animals with injuries at higher levels would have simpler behaviors than those with the spinal cord, brainstem and forebrain intact.

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10
Q

Which subdivision of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the transmission of sensory signals from the body to the contralateral side of the brain?

A

the somatic

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11
Q

The brain is organized so that the _____ mediates cognitive functions, the _____ is responsible for regulatory functions like eating and sleeping, and the _____ is responsible for communication with the motor system.

A

forebrain, brainstem, spinal cord

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12
Q

Who thought that mental processes came from the heart, not the brain?

A

Aristotle

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13
Q

According to Descartes, which human brain structure was the locus of the mind?

A

the pineal body

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14
Q

Gall and Spurzheim were the first to propose the general theory that _____

A

different parts of the brain had different functions

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15
Q

Today, when neuroscientists use the term “mind,” most are using it as shorthand for:

A

the collective functions of the brain.

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16
Q

From studying several cases of brain damage, who proposed that speech was located in the third convolution of the left frontal lobe?

A

Paul Broca

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17
Q

The average weight of the human brain is between _____ ml.

A

1300 and 1400

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18
Q

According to the textbook, the brain region whose growth is MOST associated with the evolution of modern humans is the:

A

parietal lobe.

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19
Q

Following damage to his frontal lobes, subject L. D. had lasting impairments in:

A

attention.

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20
Q

Neuropsychology uses information from many disciplines. Which discipline is NOT one of those?
A) ethology
B) pharmacology
C) biophysics
D) mycology

A

mycology

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21
Q

Communication between cerebral hemispheres occurs via the:

A

corpus callosum

22
Q

The folds or bumps characteristic of the cerebral cortex are called:

A

gyri

23
Q

The brain and spinal cord together make up the _____ nervous system.

A

central

24
Q

Which of the following supported a cardiac hypothesis of behavior?

A

Aristotle

25
Q

Descartes was an articulate proponent of _____.

A

dualism

26
Q

If a person believes that brain function is only the source of some behaviors, it is accurate to refer to that person as a:

A

dualist.

27
Q

Although the phrenologists were misguided in many respects, Gall actually did report, more or less accurately, the first case of _____ following left frontal damage.

A

loss of the ability to speak

28
Q

Early support for lateralization and localization of function came from postmortem studies of:

A

humans with language disorders.

29
Q

Although all of the individuals listed made contributions to our knowledge of the lateralization of language functions in the brain, _____ is generally credited with the MOST important findings.

A

Broca

30
Q

The hypothesis that the ability to speak depends on the left frontal lobe is an example of:

A

lateralization of function.

31
Q

The cortical area MOST closely associated with speech comprehension is the _____ lobe.

A

temporal

32
Q

The currently used medical diagnosis “persistent vegetative state” MOST closely reflects the nervous system’s:

A

hierarchical organization.

33
Q

With respect to the “mind–body” problem, followers of Wallace and Darwin would MOST likely consider themselves to be:

A

materialists.

34
Q

Materialism is the philosophical position that all behavior can be explained by the:

A

workings of the physical nervous system and body alone.

35
Q

Individuals with deficits in executive functioning would likely have difficulty with:

A

critical thinking and multistep tasks.

36
Q

Considering functional development, why would the spinal cord develop prior to the forebrain?

A

Sensory information processing precedes the development of higher order functioning.

37
Q

A set of siblings suffered neurological damage following a car accident. Sibling A has had a slow and incomplete recovery, while sibling B has fully recovered. Considering their recovery, what portion of their nervous system was likely damaged?

A

sibling A – central nervous system, sibling B – peripheral nervous system

38
Q

How does examination of patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) further neurological knowledge?

A

aids researchers in connecting damage to localization and lateralization of function

39
Q

Why was Wernicke’s idea of disconnection revolutionary?

A

It demonstrated not only lateral and localization of function but also interdependence of brain structures.

40
Q

Extensive study of H.M. BEST demonstrates:

A

that memories are encoded and stored in multiple areas of the brain.

41
Q

What is the reasoning as to why D.F. could see an object when performing an action but could not recognize the item being acted on?

A

damage to the pathway from the visual cortex to the temporal lobe

42
Q

D.F. had damage to what brain structure?

A

ventral stream

43
Q

Patients with brain damage like L.D., H.M., and D.F. BEST demonstrate:

A

the connection of conscious and unconscious behavior for sensory information.

44
Q

How do individuals experience memory and vision?

A

as multiple pathways of both conscious and unconscious behavior

45
Q

How would neural communication differ if each neuron had only one dendrite?

A

slower communication between neurons

46
Q

Studies in electrical stimulation of the brain support the idea of:

A

functional and lateral localization.

47
Q

Neuroplasticity is seen in patients with TBI, and it is also related to:

A

learning.

48
Q

Neurosurgery and neuropsychology studies allow for a better understanding of

A

both “typical” and “atypical” behavior.

49
Q

Rosehip Neuron

A

Found only in the human brain.

Known as “rosehip” neurons because of the way they resemble a rose after its petals have fallen off

50
Q

Rosehip neuron Cells feature

A

compact, bushy axonal arborizations

51
Q

Rosehip Neurons are found in the

A

first layer of the cerebral cortex, a highly complex brain region that is thought to play an important role in consciousness

NeuroPsychology (1 decks)

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