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Psych 101 > Neuropsych > Flashcards

Neuropsych Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A

Central (brain & spinal cord) and peripheral (sensory + motor nerves throughout) nervous systems

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2
Q

What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic (external and voluntary) & autonomic (internal and involuntary)

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3
Q

What are the parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest & digest)

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4
Q

How is the endocrine system connected to the CNS and PNS?

A

By the hypothalamus, via pituitary gland

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5
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Activated by sympathetic (adrenaline and cortisol)

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6
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Master gland, oxytocin

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7
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Energy, metabolism

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8
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

Regulates calcium ion levels in bones/ blood

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9
Q

Pineal gland

A

Sleep

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10
Q

What 3 parts with beginning development?

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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11
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Complex though, planning, emotional control, movement control/ map of muscles

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12
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Touch, spatial awareness, map of skin surface, integration centre, directs attention

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13
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Sound processing, object memory, language, facial recognition

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14
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision, identifying objects

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15
Q

Insular lobe

A

Taste, awareness of internal organs

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16
Q

Limbic system

A

Connects cortex to lower region, regulates fear and emotions

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17
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory (time and place, emotional significance), navigating environment, hopes/ desires

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18
Q

Amygdala

A

Emotion: Registers emotional significance. Helps hippocampus enhance memory

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19
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Planning & executing. Signal muscles to start and stop. Learning and motivation (will)

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20
Q

Thalamus

A

Signals from sensory systems (except smell), shut down sensory for sleep

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21
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Integrates internal body signals with associated feelings/ behaviours (specialized nuclei). Connects with endocrine system and pituitary gland. Helps with vision

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22
Q

Brainstem

A

Oxygen supply, regulates breathing/ heart rate. Sensory nerves connect here. Emotion-related changes

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23
Q

Tegmentum

A

Sudden head/ eye movements

24
Q

Ventral tegmental area

A

Motivation and reward system

25
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Regulates movement

26
Q

Pons

A

Breathing rate, relays sensations

27
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Heart rate, BP, coughing/ swallowing

28
Q

Reticular formation

A

Arousal and attention. High alert in danger. Sleep/ wakefulness.

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination, precision, balance, accurate timing, adjusts head/ eye movements

30
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Relays neural info between hemispheres, supports contralateral communication

31
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive chemical messages from other neurons

32
Q

Cell body/ stoma

A

Collects impulses, nucleus, life-sustaining

33
Q

Axon

A

Transports electrical impulses to other neurons via terminal branches

34
Q

Terminal branches

A

Convert impulses to chemical messages

35
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue on axon, increases speed (glial cells)

36
Q

Glial cells

A

Insulate, support, nourish, reduce debris, contribute to info processing and brain development, guide axon growth

37
Q

Action potential

A

Electrical impulse fired by a neuron with enough energy

38
Q

Depolarization

A

Ion channels open and allow Na+ to enter which creates a chain reaction and voltage surges

39
Q

Repolarization

A

After flood reverses (back to resting potential)

40
Q

Refractory period

A

Neurons recharging after firing

41
Q

Excitatory vs inhibitory

A

-move neuron voltage closer to threshold
- move neuron voltage further from threshold

42
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between axon terminals and dendrites of receiving neuron

43
Q

Neurotransmission

A

Receptors bind with specific neurotransmitters to have excitatory or inhibitory response

44
Q

How are neurotransmitters deactivated after generating a signal?

A

Diffusion, degradation, reuptake

45
Q

Classes of neurotransmitters?

A

Amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine

46
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Unable to generate fluent speech despite knowing what you want to say (expressive aphasia)

47
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Unable to understand speech (receptive)

48
Q

What happened to HM when his hippocampus was removed?

A

Unable to form new memories but could recall facts from before lesion

49
Q

How did Phineas Gage’s frontal lobe damage affect him?

A

Personality change: easygoing to difficult

50
Q

TMS

A

Measures electrical activity after producing temporary lesion or activation

51
Q

EEG

A

Records electrical activity measured through the scalp (detect different states like arousal vs sleepy)

52
Q

ERP

A

Event related potentials from averaging EEG signals. Brain response to a particular stimulus

53
Q

MRI

A

Gives detailed picture by affecting H arms with magnetic field

54
Q

fMRI

A

Measures blood flow, giving real time picture. BOLD signal

55
Q

What are the four executive processes?

A

Organizing, prioritizing, planning, focusing

Psych 101 (8 decks)

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