Neuropsych

Question 1

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central (brain & spinal cord) and peripheral (sensory + motor nerves throughout) nervous systems

Question 2

What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Somatic (external and voluntary) & autonomic (internal and involuntary)

Question 3

What are the parts of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

Sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest & digest)

Question 4

How is the endocrine system connected to the CNS and PNS?

Answer 4

By the hypothalamus, via pituitary gland

Question 5

Adrenal gland

Answer 5

Activated by sympathetic (adrenaline and cortisol)

Question 6

Pituitary gland

Answer 6

Master gland, oxytocin

Question 7

Thyroid gland

Answer 7

Energy, metabolism

Question 8

Parathyroid gland

Answer 8

Regulates calcium ion levels in bones/ blood

Question 9

Pineal gland

Answer 9

Sleep

Question 10

What 3 parts with beginning development?

Answer 10

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 11

Frontal lobe

Answer 11

Complex though, planning, emotional control, movement control/ map of muscles

Question 12

Parietal lobe

Answer 12

Touch, spatial awareness, map of skin surface, integration centre, directs attention

Question 13

Temporal lobe

Answer 13

Sound processing, object memory, language, facial recognition

Question 14

Occipital lobe

Answer 14

Vision, identifying objects

Question 15

Insular lobe

Answer 15

Taste, awareness of internal organs

Question 16

Limbic system

Answer 16

Connects cortex to lower region, regulates fear and emotions

Question 17

Hippocampus

Answer 17

Memory (time and place, emotional significance), navigating environment, hopes/ desires

Question 18

Amygdala

Answer 18

Emotion: Registers emotional significance. Helps hippocampus enhance memory

Question 19

Basal ganglia

Answer 19

Planning & executing. Signal muscles to start and stop. Learning and motivation (will)

Question 20

Thalamus

Answer 20

Signals from sensory systems (except smell), shut down sensory for sleep

Question 21

Hypothalamus

Answer 21

Integrates internal body signals with associated feelings/ behaviours (specialized nuclei). Connects with endocrine system and pituitary gland. Helps with vision

Question 22

Brainstem

Answer 22

Oxygen supply, regulates breathing/ heart rate. Sensory nerves connect here. Emotion-related changes

Question 23

Tegmentum

Answer 23

Sudden head/ eye movements

Question 24

Ventral tegmental area

Answer 24

Motivation and reward system

Question 25

Substantia nigra

Answer 25

Regulates movement

Question 26

Pons

Answer 26

Breathing rate, relays sensations

Question 27

Medulla oblongata

Answer 27

Heart rate, BP, coughing/ swallowing

Question 28

Reticular formation

Answer 28

Arousal and attention. High alert in danger. Sleep/ wakefulness.

Question 29

Cerebellum

Answer 29

coordination, precision, balance, accurate timing, adjusts head/ eye movements

Question 30

Corpus callosum

Answer 30

Relays neural info between hemispheres, supports contralateral communication

Question 31

Dendrites

Answer 31

Receive chemical messages from other neurons

Question 32

Cell body/ stoma

Answer 32

Collects impulses, nucleus, life-sustaining

Question 33

Axon

Answer 33

Transports electrical impulses to other neurons via terminal branches

Question 34

Terminal branches

Answer 34

Convert impulses to chemical messages

Question 35

Myelin sheath

Answer 35

Fatty tissue on axon, increases speed (glial cells)

Question 36

Glial cells

Answer 36

Insulate, support, nourish, reduce debris, contribute to info processing and brain development, guide axon growth

Question 37

Action potential

Answer 37

Electrical impulse fired by a neuron with enough energy

Question 38

Depolarization

Answer 38

Ion channels open and allow Na+ to enter which creates a chain reaction and voltage surges

Question 39

Repolarization

Answer 39

After flood reverses (back to resting potential)

Question 40

Refractory period

Answer 40

Neurons recharging after firing

Question 41

Excitatory vs inhibitory

Answer 41

-move neuron voltage closer to threshold - move neuron voltage further from threshold

Question 42

Synapse

Answer 42

Gap between axon terminals and dendrites of receiving neuron

Question 43

Neurotransmission

Answer 43

Receptors bind with specific neurotransmitters to have excitatory or inhibitory response

Question 44

How are neurotransmitters deactivated after generating a signal?

Answer 44

Diffusion, degradation, reuptake

Question 45

Classes of neurotransmitters?

Answer 45

Amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine

Question 46

What is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 46

Unable to generate fluent speech despite knowing what you want to say (expressive aphasia)

Question 47

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 47

Unable to understand speech (receptive)

Question 48

What happened to HM when his hippocampus was removed?

Answer 48

Unable to form new memories but could recall facts from before lesion

Question 49

How did Phineas Gage’s frontal lobe damage affect him?

Answer 49

Personality change: easygoing to difficult

Question 50

TMS

Answer 50

Measures electrical activity after producing temporary lesion or activation

Question 51

EEG

Answer 51

Records electrical activity measured through the scalp (detect different states like arousal vs sleepy)

Question 52

ERP

Answer 52

Event related potentials from averaging EEG signals. Brain response to a particular stimulus

Question 53

MRI

Answer 53

Gives detailed picture by affecting H arms with magnetic field

Question 54

fMRI

Answer 54

Measures blood flow, giving real time picture. BOLD signal

Question 55

What are the four executive processes?

Answer 55

Organizing, prioritizing, planning, focusing