Neurophysio Clinical Correlation Flashcards
Pain, temperature sensations lost onopposite side of the body (spinothalamic pathway)
Brown Sequard Syndrome
A clinical abnormality of the sensory pathway wherein there is loss of sensation, motor function paralysis and ataxia caused by lateral hemisection (cutting of the spinal cord)
Brown Sequard Syndrome
Kinesthetic, position, vibration, discrete localization and two-point discrimination lost on the side of the transection (dorsal column)
Brown Sequard Syndrome
A clinical abnormality in which the crude touch is retained
Brown Sequard Syndrome
Chronic disease of the spinal cord characterized by the presence of fluid-like cavities and leading to spasticity and sensory disturbances
Syringomyelia
In syringomyelia, what region is mostly affected? (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)
Cervical Region
Thoracic Scoliosis is often present in this disease
Syringomyelia
Parenchymatous neurosyphilis marked by degeneration of the posterior columns, posterior roots and ganglion of the spinal cord
Tabes Dorsalis
Untreated syphilis infection
Tabes dorsalis
Manifestatons: (+) romberg sign secondary (charot) joint deformities Frankenstein-like walk Prominent loss of vibratory and position sense in feet
Tabes Dorsalis
What are the two regulatory systems of the body? Which is fast? Which is slow?
Nervous - fast
Endocrine - slow
Total silence of all cord functions
Spinal shock
Disorder: sudden transection of the spinal cord in the upper neck
Spinal shock
In spinal shock, spinal neurons gradually regain their __________
Excitability
In decerebrate rigidity, where is the area of injury?
Mesencephalon (between midbrain & diencephalon)
There is better and less extensive injury in this type of rigidity (decerebrate or decorticate)
Decerebrate rigidity
What type of rigidity has hypertonicity in extension –> extended upper extremity and extended lower extremity
Decerebrate rigidity
Where is the area of rigidity in decorticate rigidity?
Inside the cortex
The posture of this patient has extended lower extremities and flexed upper extremities
Decorticate rigidity
Other term for Parkinson’s disease
Paralysis agitans
This neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson’s disease
Dopamine
This is the expressionless or mask-like features of Parkinsonism
Parkinson’s Facie
In this disease, there is rigidity of musculature, serious movement initiation (akinesia) and postural instability
Parkinson’s disease
A hereditary disorder characterized by severe dementia
Huntington’s Disease
What neurotransmitters are lost in Huntington’s disease?
GABA and Acetylcholine
In what age range does Huntington’s disease start?
30-40 years old
An abnormal neuronal protein product
Huntington’s Protein
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Narcolepsy
Inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles
Narcolepsy
Signs and symptoms:
- cataplexy
- vivid hallucination
- short/brief episodes
Narcolepsy
Sleep-disordered breathing
Obstructive sleep apnea
What muscles are so relaxed in obstructive sleep apnea?
Pharyngeal muscles
In obstructive sleep apnea, there is frequent episodes of _________ & cessation in _________ for greater than 10 seconds resulting in disrupted sleep
Snoring, breathing
In this condition, there is difficulty in initiating sleep and/or maintaining sleep
Insomnia
The duration of ACUTE insomnia? Of CHRONIC insomnia?
Acute - few days
Chronic - more than a month
What is the probable cause of primary insomnia? (usual)
Stress
Type of insomnia that is probably from another illness (primary or secondary).
Secondary insomnia
Bilateral destruction of amygdaloid body and inferior temporal cortex
Klüver-Bucy syndrome
This disorder of the limbic system is commonly due to herpes simplex encephalitis
Klüver-Bucy syndrome
Klüver-Bucy syndrome is commonly due to ___________________
Herpes simplex encephalitis
Signs and symptoms:
- visual agnosia
- hyperphagia & bulimia
- dementia & loss of memory
- loss of normal fear & anger responses
- less overt hypersexuality
Klüver-Bucy syndrome
Motor/expressive aphasia (broken aphasia)
Broca’s aphasia
The person is unable to interpret but there is fluent speech. Word salad is often evident. (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Difficulty using correct names for objects, people, etc (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)
Anomic aphasia
Type if aphasia with poor oral reading, poor repitition, fluent speech, good comprehension. (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)
Conduction aphasia
Lesion in Wernicke’s area is widespread and extends, person is usually mute (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)
Global aphasia
Other names for stroke (2)
CVA or brain attack
Ischemia or hemorrhage in the brain, with motor & sensory deficits, dependent on the area of the brain involved
Stroke
Progressive, global, cognitive decline
Dementia
Age-associated dementia
Alzheimer’s
Part/s of the body affected in hemiballismus
Entire limb
Parts of the body affected in Athetosis (4)
Hands, arms, neck, face
This disorder of motor control is characterized by writhing movement.
Athetosis
What part of the brain is affected in Athetosis?
Globus Pallidus
What part of the brain is affected in Hemiballismus?
Subthalamus
Part of the body affected in Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease? (In general)
Whole body :)
Disease in which the substantia nigra is involved.
Parkinson’s disease
What are the visible manifestations of a person with Parkinson’s? (3)
Rigidity, akinesia, tremors
Part of the brain affected in Huntington’s disease. (2)
Caudate nucleus, putamen
What are the visible manifestations of a person with Huntington’s?
Flicking followed by progressive distortional movements
