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Physiology - Neuro Clinical Correlation > Neurophysio Clinical Correlation > Flashcards

Neurophysio Clinical Correlation Flashcards

0
Q

Pain, temperature sensations lost onopposite side of the body (spinothalamic pathway)

A

Brown Sequard Syndrome

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1
Q

A clinical abnormality of the sensory pathway wherein there is loss of sensation, motor function paralysis and ataxia caused by lateral hemisection (cutting of the spinal cord)

A

Brown Sequard Syndrome

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2
Q

Kinesthetic, position, vibration, discrete localization and two-point discrimination lost on the side of the transection (dorsal column)

A

Brown Sequard Syndrome

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3
Q

A clinical abnormality in which the crude touch is retained

A

Brown Sequard Syndrome

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4
Q

Chronic disease of the spinal cord characterized by the presence of fluid-like cavities and leading to spasticity and sensory disturbances

A

Syringomyelia

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5
Q

In syringomyelia, what region is mostly affected? (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)

A

Cervical Region

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6
Q

Thoracic Scoliosis is often present in this disease

A

Syringomyelia

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7
Q

Parenchymatous neurosyphilis marked by degeneration of the posterior columns, posterior roots and ganglion of the spinal cord

A

Tabes Dorsalis

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8
Q

Untreated syphilis infection

A

Tabes dorsalis

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9
Q 
Manifestatons:
(+) romberg sign
secondary (charot) joint deformities
Frankenstein-like walk
Prominent loss of vibratory and position sense in feet
A

Tabes Dorsalis

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10
Q

What are the two regulatory systems of the body? Which is fast? Which is slow?

A

Nervous - fast

Endocrine - slow

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11
Q

Total silence of all cord functions

A

Spinal shock

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12
Q

Disorder: sudden transection of the spinal cord in the upper neck

A

Spinal shock

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13
Q

In spinal shock, spinal neurons gradually regain their __________

A

Excitability

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14
Q

In decerebrate rigidity, where is the area of injury?

A

Mesencephalon (between midbrain & diencephalon)

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15
Q

There is better and less extensive injury in this type of rigidity (decerebrate or decorticate)

A

Decerebrate rigidity

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16
Q

What type of rigidity has hypertonicity in extension –> extended upper extremity and extended lower extremity

A

Decerebrate rigidity

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17
Q

Where is the area of rigidity in decorticate rigidity?

A

Inside the cortex

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18
Q

The posture of this patient has extended lower extremities and flexed upper extremities

A

Decorticate rigidity

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19
Q

Other term for Parkinson’s disease

A

Paralysis agitans

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20
Q

This neurotransmitter is decreased in a person with Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine

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21
Q

This is the expressionless or mask-like features of Parkinsonism

A

Parkinson’s Facie

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22
Q

In this disease, there is rigidity of musculature, serious movement initiation (akinesia) and postural instability

A

Parkinson’s disease

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23
Q

A hereditary disorder characterized by severe dementia

A

Huntington’s Disease

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24
Q

What neurotransmitters are lost in Huntington’s disease?

A

GABA and Acetylcholine

25
Q

In what age range does Huntington’s disease start?

A

30-40 years old

26
Q

An abnormal neuronal protein product

A

Huntington’s Protein

27
Q

Excessive daytime sleepiness

A

Narcolepsy

28
Q

Inability to regulate sleep-wake cycles

A

Narcolepsy

29
Q

Signs and symptoms:

  • cataplexy
  • vivid hallucination
  • short/brief episodes
A

Narcolepsy

30
Q

Sleep-disordered breathing

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

31
Q

What muscles are so relaxed in obstructive sleep apnea?

A

Pharyngeal muscles

32
Q

In obstructive sleep apnea, there is frequent episodes of _________ & cessation in _________ for greater than 10 seconds resulting in disrupted sleep

A

Snoring, breathing

33
Q

In this condition, there is difficulty in initiating sleep and/or maintaining sleep

A

Insomnia

34
Q

The duration of ACUTE insomnia? Of CHRONIC insomnia?

A

Acute - few days

Chronic - more than a month

35
Q

What is the probable cause of primary insomnia? (usual)

A

Stress

36
Q

Type of insomnia that is probably from another illness (primary or secondary).

A

Secondary insomnia

37
Q

Bilateral destruction of amygdaloid body and inferior temporal cortex

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

38
Q

This disorder of the limbic system is commonly due to herpes simplex encephalitis

A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

39
Q

Klüver-Bucy syndrome is commonly due to ___________________

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis

40
Q

Signs and symptoms:

  • visual agnosia
  • hyperphagia & bulimia
  • dementia & loss of memory
  • loss of normal fear & anger responses
  • less overt hypersexuality
A

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

41
Q

Motor/expressive aphasia (broken aphasia)

A

Broca’s aphasia

42
Q

The person is unable to interpret but there is fluent speech. Word salad is often evident. (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

43
Q

Difficulty using correct names for objects, people, etc (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)

A

Anomic aphasia

44
Q

Type if aphasia with poor oral reading, poor repitition, fluent speech, good comprehension. (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)

A

Conduction aphasia

45
Q

Lesion in Wernicke’s area is widespread and extends, person is usually mute (broca’s, wernicke’s, anomic, conduction, global)

A

Global aphasia

46
Q

Other names for stroke (2)

A

CVA or brain attack

47
Q

Ischemia or hemorrhage in the brain, with motor & sensory deficits, dependent on the area of the brain involved

A

Stroke

48
Q

Progressive, global, cognitive decline

A

Dementia

49
Q

Age-associated dementia

A

Alzheimer’s

50
Q

Part/s of the body affected in hemiballismus

A

Entire limb

51
Q

Parts of the body affected in Athetosis (4)

A

Hands, arms, neck, face

52
Q

This disorder of motor control is characterized by writhing movement.

A

Athetosis

53
Q

What part of the brain is affected in Athetosis?

A

Globus Pallidus

54
Q

What part of the brain is affected in Hemiballismus?

A

Subthalamus

55
Q

Part of the body affected in Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease? (In general)

A

Whole body :)

56
Q

Disease in which the substantia nigra is involved.

A

Parkinson’s disease

57
Q

What are the visible manifestations of a person with Parkinson’s? (3)

A

Rigidity, akinesia, tremors

58
Q

Part of the brain affected in Huntington’s disease. (2)

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen

59
Q

What are the visible manifestations of a person with Huntington’s?

A

Flicking followed by progressive distortional movements

Physiology - Neuro Clinical Correlation (1 decks)

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