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BRS Physiology > Neurophys > Flashcards

Neurophys Flashcards

1
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

originates in red nucleus and decussates and projects to interneurons in lateral spinal cord. stimulation produces stimulation of flexors and inhibits extensors-primarily hands

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2
Q

Where are Pacinian corpuscles found and what do they detect?

A

found in subcutaneous skin surrounding unmyelinated nerve endings, sense vibration/tapping

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3
Q

What is the hypothalamus the autonomic center for (2)?

A

Temperature regulation center, thirst and food intake regulatory centers

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4
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract

A

from inferior medulla, decussates and descends into SC, terminates in ventral horn of all spinal levels

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5
Q

What is the overall function of the cerebellum? What 3 areas are in the cerebellum?

A

central control of movement, vestibulocerebellum, pontocerebellum, spinocerebellum

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6
Q

Where does the optic N and optic tract end? Where does it go from there?

A

end in lateral geniculate body of the thalamus, fibers from there form the geniculocalacrine tract and pass to occipital lobe of cortex

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7
Q

Medullary reticulospinal tract

A

originates in medullary reticular formation and projects to spinal cord interneurons in intermediate gray area. Stimulation has inhibitory effect on flexors and extensors but mainly extensors

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8
Q

Where are Ruffini corpuscles found and what do they detect?

A

they are encapsulated

detect pressure

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9
Q

Medial reticulospinal tract

A

arises from pons, facilitates voluntary movement and increases muscle tone

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10
Q

tectospinal tract

A

originates in superior colliculus and projects to cervical spinal cord. Involved in control of neck muscles

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11
Q

Lesions above the pontine reticular formation but below the midbrain

A

cause decerebrate rigidity because of removal of cintral inhibition from the pontine reticular formation

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12
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract function

A

pain and temp

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13
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

A

originates in Deiters nucleus and projects to ipsilateral motoneurons and interneurons. Stimulation causes a powerful stimulation of extensors and inhibition of flexors

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14
Q

Corticospinal tract pathway up to division

A

Orig in cerebral cortex, neurons converge and descend through internal capsule then through crus cerebri of midbrain, then pons then into medulla-in the most infereior medulla divide into 2 tracts

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15
Q

What are the exceptions of the corticobulubar tract fibers that do not innervate motor neurons bilaterally?

A

UMN for CNVII have contralateral innervation

UMN for CNXII have contralateral innervation

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16
Q

What provides inputs to corticospinal tracts

A

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and supplementary motor N

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17
Q

What is the course of the dorsal column system?

A

primary afferent neurons have cell bodies in dorsal root. Axons ascend ipsilaterally to nucleus gracillis and nucleus cuneatus of medulla. From medulla, 2nd order neurons cross midline to contralteral thalamus, 3rd order ascend to somatosensory corte

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18
Q

Corticobulbar tract pathway

A

arise from primary motor cortex, fibers converge and pass through internal capsule of brainstem and terminate on motor nuclei of cranieal nerves. Here they synapse with LMN and innervate M of head and neck

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19
Q

Rubrospinal tracts

A

originates from red nucleus in midbrain, decussates and desends into SC, control fine control of hand movements

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20
Q

What is the midbrain the autonomic center for?

A

Micturition center

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21
Q

lateral reticulospinal tract

A

arises in medulla, inhibits voluntary movement and decreases muscle tone

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22
Q

posterior spinocerebellar tracts

A

carry proprioception info from lower limbs to ipsilateral cerebellum

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23
Q

Effect of lesion above the lateral vestibular nucleus

A

cause decerebrate rigidity because of the removal of inhibition from higher centers

24
Q

What does DCML transmit?

A

fine touch (tactile), vibration and proprioception

25
Q

What is the course of the anterolateral system?

A

First order neurons enter SC and terminate in dorsal horn. 2nd order cross midle to anterolateral quadrant of SC and ascent to contralateral thalamus and synapse on 3rd order. 3rd order to somatosensory cortex

26
Q

Where are Merkel disks found and what do they detect?

A

transducer is on epithelial cells

detect location

27
Q

What is the only output of the cerebellar cortex? What is the ultimate result?

A

purkinje cells are only output, purkinje cells output is GABA-always inhibitory

28
Q

Descending motor tracts 2 main systems

A

pyramidal: volunatry control of muscles of body and face
extrapyramidal: involuntary and automatic control of all muscles-muscle tone, balance, posture, locomotion

29
Q

Somatosensory system includes what sensations?

A

touch, movement, temp and pain

30
Q

Tectospinal tract

A

begins at superior colliculus of midbrain (receives fibers of optic N), neurons decussate and enter SC. Terminate at all cervical levels. Coordinates movement of head in relation to visual stimuli

31
Q

Anterolateral system processes what sensations? What type of fibers does it consist of?

A

temperature, pain and light touch

consists of groups III and IV fibers

32
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

white matter between the thalamus and basal ganglia

33
Q

rostral spinocerebellar tracts

A

proprioceptive info from upper limbs to ipislateral cerebellum

34
Q

Vestibulospinal tract

A

Medial and lateral tracts, arise form vestibular nuceli and go into SC ipsilaterally, control balance and posture by anti gravity muscles (flexors of arms, extensors of legs)

35
Q

What are the 2 pyramidal tracts and what do they control

A

corticospinal: supply M of body and corticobulbar: supply M of neck and head

36
Q

Where are Meissner corpuscles found and what do they detect?

A

present in nonhairy skin

detect velocity

37
Q

Difference in upper and lower limbs of DCML 1st order neurons

A

Signals from upper limbs (T6 and above) travel in 1st order neurons in fasciculus cuneatus (lateral part of dorsal column)
Lower limbs travel in fasciculus gracillis (medial dorsal column)

38
Q

Tracts of the anterolateral system

A

anterior spinothalamic, lateral spinothalamic

39
Q

Unconscious ascending tracts of spinal cord

A

spinocerebellar tracts

40
Q

What is the medulla the autonomic center for (5)?

A

vasomotor center, respiratory center, swallowing, coughing and vomiting centers

41
Q

What is the pons the autonomic center for?

A

pneumotaxic center

42
Q

Conscious ascending tracts of spinal cord

A

DCML and anterolateral system

43
Q

Anterior corticospinal tract

A

from inferior medulla, remains isilateral and descends into the spinal cord then decussates and terminates in ventral horn of cervical and upper thoracic spinal levels

44
Q

What two pathways are in the somatosensory system?

A

Dorsal column system, anterolateral system

45
Q

1st, 2nd and 3rd order neurons of DCML

A

1st: carry info from periphery to medulla
2nd: from medulla to thalamus, decussate in medulla
3rd: thalamus to ipsilateral primary sensory cortex

46
Q

Effect of lesion above red nucleus

A

decorticate posturing and intact tonic neck reflexes

47
Q

anterior spinocerebellar tracts

A

proprioceptive info from lower limbs-fibers decussate 2x-to ipsilateral cerebellum

48
Q

What extrapyramidal tracts decussate and which ones do not decussate?

A

vesibulospinal, reticulospinal do not decussate, rubrospinal and tectospinal do decussate

49
Q

Dorsal column system processes what sensations? What type of fibers?

A

fine touch, pressure, two-pt discrimination, vibration and proprioception
has type II fibers

50
Q

Pontine reticulospinal tract

A

originates in nuclei in pons and projects to ventromedial spinal cord. Stimulation has a general stimulatory effect on both extensors and flexors but predominately extensors

51
Q

cuneocerebellar tracts

A

proprioceptive info from upper limbs to ipsilateral cerebellum

52
Q

Neurons of anterolateral system

A

1st order: enter spinal cord, ascend 1-2 verebral levels and synapse at tip of dorsal horn (in substantia gelitinosa)

2nd: gelitinosa to thalamus, decussate within spinal cord then form 2 distinct tracts: ant and lat
3rd: thalamus to ipsilateral primary sensory cortex

53
Q

Where do pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts originate and project to

A

pyramidal: originate in cerebral cortex, carry motor fibers to spinal cord and brainstem
extrapyramidal: originate in brain stem and carry motor fibers to SC

54
Q

Anterior spinothalamic tract function

A

crude touch and pressure

55
Q

Pontocerebellum function

A

planning and initiation of movement

BRS Physiology (2 decks)

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