Neuropharm: NTs

Question 1

Cholinergic transmission is important for which fxns?

Answer 1

Cognitive fxn
Sensitization to incoming stimuli
Movement control

Hijacked by nicotine in tobacco addiction

Question 2

What types of receptors are the two ACh receptors?

Answer 2

nicotinic AchR - ligand gated ion channels

muscarinic AchR - CGPCR

Question 3

Where are cholinergic neurons found?

Answer 3

Concentrated in basal forebrain and pons

Numerous also found in cortex and basal ganglia

Question 4

What are two examples of brain processes that dopamine transmission is important for?

Answer 4

Natural rewards and motor fxn

Question 5

What diseases are problems in dopamine transmission implicated in?

Answer 5

Schizophrenia
Parkinson's disease
Addiction
Depression
ADHD

Question 6

What kind of receptors are dopamine receptors?

Answer 6

GPCRs of two types

D1 type (including D1 and D5)
D2 type (including D2, D3, D4)

Question 7

Where are dopamine neurons found?

Answer 7

Midbrain, either in the VTA or substantia nigra pars compacta

Question 8

NE activates ….

Answer 8

adrenergic receptors (GPCRs), mainly alpha 1 and/or alpha 2 in the CNS

Question 9

NE is involved in …

Answer 9

memory
pain transmission
salience

Question 10

NE transmission is altered in …

Answer 10

depression and addiction

Question 11

NE neurons are located in …

Answer 11

pons, specifically locus coeruleus

Question 12

Serotonin acts on what receptors/types

Answer 12

5-HT3 - ligand gated ion channels

5-HT1,2 - GPCRs (MOST)

Question 13

What brain processes is serotonin important for?

Answer 13

reward
learning
mood/affect

Question 14

What pathological states is serotonin thought to play a major role in?

Answer 14

depression
schizophrenia

mood disorders/anxiety?

Question 15

Where are serotonin neurons located?

Answer 15

midbrain/pons, specifically raphae

Question 16

GABA is produced from …

Answer 16

glutamate

Question 17

Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 17

inhibitory .. major inhibitory NT in the brain

Question 18

What are the types of GABA receptors?

Answer 18

GABA-A is ligand gated Cl- channel

GABA-B and GABA-C are GPCRs

Question 19

How does GABA mediate inhibition?

Answer 19

influxes chloride into the cell

more negative into the cell produced hyper-polarization, making the cells less excitable

Question 20

Is glutamate excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 20

excitatory .. major excitatory NT in the brain

Question 21

What types of receptors does glutamate act at?

Answer 21

AMPA, NMDA - ion channels

mGluR - GPCR