Neurons And Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neurone?

A

A type of cell that relays messages between the CNS and the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label this diagram of a neurone:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive messages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Passes messages to other neurones, muscles or glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Protect signals and help speed neural impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the axon terminal do?

A

Form junctions at other cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the sensory neurone do?

It has ________ dendrites and ________ axons.

A

Carry nerve impulses from sensory receptors (e.g. vision, taste, touch) to the CNS.

It has long dendrites and short axons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the relay neurone do?

It has ________ dendrites and ________ axons.

A

Allows sensory neurones and motor neurones to communicate through the CNS.

It has short dendrites and short axons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the motor neurone do?

It has ________ dendrites and ________ axons.

A

Directly or indirectly controls muscles by carrying impulses from CNS to muscle glands.

It has short dendrites and long axons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are neurotransmitters located?

A

In synaptic vesicles at the axon terminals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Molecules in the nervous system that transmit messages from neurones to target cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are two examples of neurotransmitters?

A

-Dopamine: pleasure & motivation.
HIGH LEVELS are linked to schizophrenia symptoms.
-Serotonin: controls emotions.
LOW LEVELS are linked to depression symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is synaptic transmission?

A

The process where a nerve impulse passes through the synaptic cleft (from a pre-synaptic neurone to a post-synaptic neurone).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the 5 step process of synaptic transmission?

A
  1. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal, waiting to pass to the next neurone.
  2. When the axon potential reaches the synaptic vesicles, they release neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft (this is exocytosis).
  3. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft, binding to receptor sites on the post-synaptic neurone (completing the process of synaptic transmission).
  4. The neurotransmitters make it more or less likely the the post-synaptic neurone will ‘fire’.
  5. Neurotransmitters that don’t bind are broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft OR they are reabsorbed into the pre-synaptic neurone (reuptake).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Only ________ neurotransmitters bind to specific ________.

A

Specific, receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Label this diagram:

A
17
Q

What do excitatory neurotransmitters do?

A

They increase the likelihood that the post-synaptic neurone will ‘fire’. The electrical message is made more positive and more likely to fire (depolarisaion).

18
Q

What do inhibitory neurotransmitters do?

A

They decrease the likelihood that the post-synaptic neurone will ‘fire’. The electrical message is made more negative and less likely to fire (hyperpolarisaion).

19
Q

What is summation?

A

The net result of all excitatory and inhibitory influences on the post-synaptic neurone.

20
Q

What is an example of an excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Noradrenaline.

21
Q

What is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA.