Neurons And Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

Def of neuron

Answer 1

Specialised cell which carries neural information around the body

Question 2

What are nerves made up from

Answer 2

Thousands of axons and neurons bundled together

Question 3

8 features of a typical neuron

Answer 3

Dendrite, cell body, node of ranvier, axon terminal, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cell

Question 4

Role of dendrite

Answer 4

Carries nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards cell body

Question 5

Role of nucleus

Answer 5

Contains genetic material of the cell

Question 6

Role of axon

Answer 6

Carries impulses from cell body along length of neuron

Question 7

Role of myelin sheath

Answer 7

Protects axon and speeds up transmission of electrical impulse

Question 8

Role of Schwann cell

Answer 8

Forms myelin sheath

Question 9

Role of axon terminal

Answer 9

Terminal buttons at the end communicate with the next neuron across a gap

Question 10

Role of node of ranvier

Answer 10

Gaps in myelin sheath speed up transmission of impulse by forcing it to jump across the gap

Question 11

3 types of neuron

Answer 11

Motor, relay and sensory

Question 12

Role of motor neuron

Answer 12

To carry impulses away from the CNS to effectors - muscles and glands

Question 13

What does motor neurons look like

Answer 13

Dendrites and cell body within spinal cord with axon outside

Question 14

Role of relay neuron

Answer 14

Transmits info with CNS towards effectors - muscles and glands

Question 15

What do relay neurons connect

Answer 15

Sensory and motor neurons

Question 16

Where are relay neurons found

Answer 16

Mainly in spinal cord

Question 17

What do relay neurons look like

Answer 17

Short axons and short dendrites

Question 18

Role of sensory neurons

Answer 18

Carry info towards CNS

Question 19

Where are sensory neurons found

Answer 19

In receptors eg skin

Question 20

What do sensory neurons look like,

Answer 20

Short axons and long dendrites