Neurons and Synapses - A Flashcards
Define the central nervous system
nerve tissue in the brain and
spinal cord
Define the peripheral nervous system
nerve tissues outside the
central nervous system
What are neurons?
Neurons are what make up the nervous system and transmit electrical impulses.
Define axon
a long, narrow
‘arm’ that carries electric
signals
Define dendrites
short, branched
fibers that transmits signals
to other cells
Define cell body
contains the nucleus and the majority of the
organelles and cytoplasm
Define Myelin Sheath
some nerve axons
are covered by a myelin sheath
which is produced by Schwann cells.
Where are nodes of Ranvier located?
Gaps between the myelin sheaths
are called nodes of Ranvier.
Define Saltatory conduction
Electric impulses traveling down
the axon are able to jump
between the nodes.
Purpose of sodium/potassium pumps?
Sodium/Potassium ion pumps are embedded in the membrane of
axons and move ions against their concentration gradient using ATP.
Define resting potential
This imbalance of charges results in a potential difference (voltage)
across the membrane. (-70 mv)
