Neurons and Glial Cells

Question 1

Afferent Neurons

Answer 1

• sensory neurons
• transmits sensory info from receptors and relays through spinal cord to brain
• takes 80 milliseconds for nervous system to respond to stimuli

Question 2

Efferrent Neurons

Answer 2

• motor neurons
• signals go from brain to spinal cord to muscles, body

Question 3

Interneurons

Answer 3

• specialized nerve cells in brain and spinal cord that provide structure for transmission of energy and neural communication
• born with 300 billion, end first year with 100 billion

Question 4

Glial Cells

Answer 4

neural suport vells, 10 for every neuron

Question 5

Glial cells responsibilities

Answer 5

• replenidhing nutrients and biochemicals
• remoival of cellular waste
• getting rid of unused neurons
• crystelizes axons with myelin

Question 6

Action potentiol

Answer 6

bioelectric process og meuron vells sending/receiving neural impulses throughout the nervous system
- activated by polarization of some electrons
- neural impulses mean energy or information cognatives

Question 7

Axons

Answer 7

carry neuroal signsld from nucleus of cell to receiving neuron

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

• sheath of fatty, waxy plaque that sorounds axons
• protects axons
• minimizes energy loss due to resistance
• accelerates neural processing speed of a circuit
• rehearsal promotes thicker coating of myelin - practicing a memory will preserve it better

Question 9

Intelligence

Answer 9

not depedendent onnumber of neurons but speed and efficiency of energy transmission

Question 10

Neuroplasticity

Answer 10

the flexibility of and responsivness to creste new neural circuits

Question 11

Axon terminals

Answer 11

• each neuron has one axon
• pourous membrane at tip of axon that houses neurotransmitters
• release certain chemical based on electric shock

Question 12

Synapse

Answer 12

space seperating two neurons

Question 13

Neurotransmitters

Answer 13

biochemical molecules that are released from one neuron and are absorbed by a receiving neuron

Question 14

Dendrites

Answer 14

• axons senf bioelectricity, dendrites receive neurotransmitters
• fibers that branch from soma that contain neurotransmitter sites
• receives biochemical signals from presynaptic axon terminals
• relays signals onto the nucleus of receiving post synaptic neuron

Question 15

reuptake

Answer 15

• reabsorption of excess neurotransmitterers from the presynaptic neuron following an action potential firing

Question 16

reuptake inhibitors

Answer 16

• chemical substances that block reuptske
• increase natural functionality of neurotransmitters

Question 17

Agonists

Answer 17

chemicals that mimic neurotransmitters and bind to receptor site

Question 18

Antagonists

Answer 18

chemicals that blocj the exchange of neurotransmitters

Question 19

Biochemical Imbalances

Answer 19

1. amount of production
2. misdirected circulation
3. rate of consumption