Neurons and Glia Flashcards
motor neurons innervate what?
muscles and glands
which part of the neuron receives info?
dendrites
which part of the neuron sends info out?
presynaptic terminal
neuron is composed of what parts? name them
dendrites, nucleus, soma (Cell Body), axon, mylinated sheath, presynaptic terminal
how many neurons in the body?
Millions
define afferent and efferent
afferent= towards soma. Incoming
efferent=away from soma. Outgoing
the CNS is the….
brain and spinal cord.
Single axon Outgoing information (Efferent) from CNS Soma in CNS Axon extends out to PNS Myelinated Axon what neuron is this?
motor neuron
Unipolar (Afferent and Efferent branches) Incoming information toward CNS Originate in PNS Soma in Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) Ganglia: Soma outside of CNS what type of neuron is this?
sensory neuron
Sensory neuron has soma in the middle. T or F
True
Association neurons Single Axon Confined to CNS Modulation between stimulus (sensory) and response (motor) what type of neuron is this?
interneuron
how many synapses are there per neuron? what are synapse?
1000 to 100,000
gap junction bw terminal ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.
Name the Agonist neurotransmitter.
Acetelcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine
which neurotransmitter is known as “the Reward” drug
Dopamine
which neurotransmitter is know for pain?
P- Factor
GABA is known as what type of neurotransmitter?
inhibitory
serotonin is used for what?
digestion and mood
Phospholipid layers surrounding axons
Increase speed of transmission (depolarize)
Increased myelin = increased speed
White matter = Myelinated axons
Grey matter = Soma
what am I?
Myelin
Learning is a change in behavior. Your response decreases to constant stimulus. You modify the behavior.
true or false.
true
white matter is what?
myelinated axons
grey matter is what?
soma
in the case of “blown pupil’ which side is the mass located on?
on the side of the blown pupil
sensory neurons are in CNS, PNS or both
PNS
motor neurons are in CNS, PNS or both
both
Interneurons are in CNS, PNS or Both
CNS
Stimulus and response Spinal cord and PNS only No brain required Monosynaptic if only 1 motor and 1 sensory Interneuron can modulate response who am I?
reflex arch
Reflex arc has a branch that goes and tells your brain what is happen after reflex happens.
T or F
True
brain cancer is made of what?
glia
glia is known as what to the brain?
the glue
how many types of glia
5
how many glia do we have?
20 billion
Glia can replicate. T or F
True
neurons can replicate. T or F
False
You have all your neurons by the age of?
12 yrs old
A pruning process happens and if you don’t use the neurons you lose them. it stops at 20 yrs old. T or F
True
Support cells for Neurons 10x the number of neurons in CNS Some provide myelination Easily replicated (all the time) 5 types Two of the types have to do with mylenation who am I?
glia
what is the most common type of glia? where is it found
astrocytes. found in CNS
what ion are needed for neurons to fire?
Na+ and K+ (sodium and potassium)
what happens if there is too much potassium?
neurons cant fire
dendrocytes are found in CNS or PNS? is is white matter or grey matter? mylinated?
CNS only and white matter of brain.
billions of these.
yes mylinated
Schwann cells afre found in PNS or CNS? mylinated? How many are found?
PNS. yes mylinated
1 per node on neuron
Axons in the CNS regenerate but PNS do not. True or False.
False. Axons in PNS regenerate not CNS.
We have the same immunse system in PNS and CNS. T or F
False.
Schwann cells form myelin sheath? Yes or No
Yes
Brain is not good at protecting itself from bacteria and viral infections. T o F.
True
Microglial is what?
immune cell to CNS but not good at it.
it is difficult for antibiotics to get through to the brain. Through blood brain barrier. T or F
True.
secrete cerebral spinal fluid, constantly produced (water). Get the water from your blood supply. Associated with capillaries. Together they are called choroid plexes (capillaries and apendemal cells that secrete spinal fluid).
Ependymal cells
Glial cells are suspected to have association with consciousness or higher brain function. (astrocytes specifically). True or False
True
Name the Glial cell types and their function.
Astrocytes: Support, ion regulation Oligodendricytes: CNS myelination Schwann cells: PNS myelination Microglia: Immune function Ependymal Cells: Choroid plexes, CSF
Bigger the axon and more myelination faster the impulse travels in neuron. T or F
True
Most nerves go both ways. Motor and Sensory. T or F
True
what are the nerve group layers? where are they found or what part do they cover with the nerve?
Endoneuroeum (surrounds each axon)
Perineureum (surrounds each fascicle)
Motor or sensory to a particular place.
Epineureum (surrounds fascicles)
surrounds each axon
endoneureum
surrounds each fasicle
perineureum
surrounds group of fascicles.
epineureum
There are no nerves in the brain. They have groupings. T or F
True
Nerves are peripheral. Therefore, they can regenerate. T or F
True.
siatic nerve is as big as which finger?
pinky
if you cut off thumb and reattach it in time, how much sensory and motor will a person have?
20% motor and 50% sensory
