Neurons and Crap Flashcards
What is the Forebrain?
Telencephalon (end brain), which includes:
Cerebral Cortex. White Matter, Basal Ganglia (subcortical)
Limbic System (subcortical)
Olfactory Bulb, Lateral Ventricles
AND
Diencephalon
Which section includes the Midbrain
The Mesencephalon
What is included in the Hindbrain
Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon
What are the three types of brain cuts?
Sagittal, Coronal, and Horizontal (Axial)
What are the layers of protection around the brain?
Dura Mater - the thickest, outermost layer
Arachnoid - the middle; has cerebrospinal fluid
Pia Mater - Inner layer; blood vessels that overlie every detail of the outer brain.
What produces cerebrospinal fluid?
The Choroid Plexus of each ventricle
What protects the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
What does the telencephalon (between brain) develop in to?
The Cerebrum: cerebral cortex, white matter, basall nuclei.
What does the diencephalon (between brain) develop in to?
Hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus
What is the purpose of the Pineal Gland?
It is part of the Diencephalon, specifically the Epithalamus; produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles.
What is the purpose of the Thalamus?
It is the largest structure in the Diencephalon. It receives sensory information to send to the cortex.
What is the purpose of the Hypothalamus?
Responsible for species specific behavior: sex, feeding, sleeping, temperature regulation.
Where is the third ventricle located?
It is in the Diencephalon.
What is in the Mesencephalon (midbrain; part of brain stem)?
Tectum, Tegmentum, and Cerebral Aquedcut
What connects the third and fourth ventricles?
The cerebral aqueduct
What is the purpose of the Tectum?
It receives sensory information via two systems: the Superior colliculi: VISUAL
And the inferior colliculi - AUDITORY
What is in the Tegmentum?
Periaqueductal grey - controls species-typical behaviors and modulates pain
Red Nucleus - controls limb movements
Substania Nigra: rewards goal-directed behaviors
What does the Telencephalon become?
Pons, Cerebellum - also houses the fourth ventricle.
What controls coordination, posture, equilibrium, and skilled motor activity?
The Cerebellum
What is responsible for sleep, arousal, and consciousness?
The Pons
The fourth ventricle is connected to what by what?
The third ventricle in the diencephalon, by the cerebral aqueduct.
The spinal cord is differentiated into which four parts?
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Coccygeal
What spinal cords roots are related to motor and are efferent (sending out).
The Dorsal/ Anterior Roots
What spinal cord roots are related to sensory and are afferent (receiving)
Ventral/Posterior
What does the Myelencephalon become?
The Medulla Oblongata (part of brain stem)
What is the function of the medulla oblongata?
Regulation of Cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone.
What is action potential?
travel to the brain and are specific with intensity, frequency, and type of neurons that allow us to perceive sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste
What is the difference between somatic and autonomic in the peripheral nervous system?
Somatic are the nerves that control muscle action and take info to the CNS.
Autonomic are smooth muscles and gland secretions: Parasympathetic supports activities that increase energy; sympathetic is related to arousal and exerting energy.
