Neurons and Crap

Question 1

What is the Forebrain?

Answer 1

Telencephalon (end brain), which includes:
Cerebral Cortex. White Matter, Basal Ganglia (subcortical)

Limbic System (subcortical)

Olfactory Bulb, Lateral Ventricles
AND
Diencephalon

Question 2

Which section includes the Midbrain

Answer 2

The Mesencephalon

Question 3

What is included in the Hindbrain

Answer 3

Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon

Question 4

What are the three types of brain cuts?

Answer 4

Sagittal, Coronal, and Horizontal (Axial)

Question 5

What are the layers of protection around the brain?

Answer 5

Dura Mater - the thickest, outermost layer

Arachnoid - the middle; has cerebrospinal fluid

Pia Mater - Inner layer; blood vessels that overlie every detail of the outer brain.

Question 6

What produces cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 6

The Choroid Plexus of each ventricle

Question 7

What protects the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

Meninges

Question 8

What does the telencephalon (between brain) develop in to?

Answer 8

The Cerebrum: cerebral cortex, white matter, basall nuclei.

Question 9

What does the diencephalon (between brain) develop in to?

Answer 9

Hypothalamus, thalamus, and epithalamus

Question 10

What is the purpose of the Pineal Gland?

Answer 10

It is part of the Diencephalon, specifically the Epithalamus; produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles.

Question 11

What is the purpose of the Thalamus?

Answer 11

It is the largest structure in the Diencephalon. It receives sensory information to send to the cortex.

Question 12

What is the purpose of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 12

Responsible for species specific behavior: sex, feeding, sleeping, temperature regulation.

Question 13

Where is the third ventricle located?

Answer 13

It is in the Diencephalon.

Question 14

What is in the Mesencephalon (midbrain; part of brain stem)?

Answer 14

Tectum, Tegmentum, and Cerebral Aquedcut

Question 15

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

Answer 15

The cerebral aqueduct

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Tectum?

Answer 16

It receives sensory information via two systems: the Superior colliculi: VISUAL
And the inferior colliculi - AUDITORY

Question 17

What is in the Tegmentum?

Answer 17

Periaqueductal grey - controls species-typical behaviors and modulates pain

Red Nucleus - controls limb movements

Substania Nigra: rewards goal-directed behaviors

Question 18

What does the Telencephalon become?

Answer 18

Pons, Cerebellum - also houses the fourth ventricle.

Question 19

What controls coordination, posture, equilibrium, and skilled motor activity?

Answer 19

The Cerebellum

Question 20

What is responsible for sleep, arousal, and consciousness?

Answer 20

The Pons

Question 21

The fourth ventricle is connected to what by what?

Answer 21

The third ventricle in the diencephalon, by the cerebral aqueduct.

Question 22

The spinal cord is differentiated into which four parts?

Answer 22

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Coccygeal

Question 23

What spinal cords roots are related to motor and are efferent (sending out).

Answer 23

The Dorsal/ Anterior Roots

Question 24

What spinal cord roots are related to sensory and are afferent (receiving)

Answer 24

Ventral/Posterior

Question 25

What does the Myelencephalon become?

Answer 25

The Medulla Oblongata (part of brain stem)

Question 26

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 26

Regulation of Cardiovascular system, breathing, and skeletal muscle tone.

Question 27

What is action potential?

Answer 27

travel to the brain and are specific with intensity, frequency, and type of neurons that allow us to perceive sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste

Question 28

What is the difference between somatic and autonomic in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 28

Somatic are the nerves that control muscle action and take info to the CNS.

Autonomic are smooth muscles and gland secretions: Parasympathetic supports activities that increase energy; sympathetic is related to arousal and exerting energy.