Neurons

Question 0

Metabotropic receptors

Answer 0

Ligand binds to the receptor and activates intracellular events.
Insulin receptor-activates tyrosine kinase
Janus kinase-the receptor is different from the
GPCRs

Question 1

Ionotropic receptor

Answer 1

Ligand gated ion channels that changes shape when a ligand binds.

Question 2

Corticospinal neurons

Answer 2

Neurons that run the brain to the spinal chord. Cross over in the brain stem.

Question 3

Increased diameter

Answer 3

Increased conductance.

Question 4

Nernst equation

Answer 4

RT/ZF*ln(out/in)

Question 5

Increased Nernst potential

Answer 5

Increased resting potential

Question 6

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 6

Uses ATP to pump potassium in and sodium out. Creates the Na/K gradient which acts as a voltage source.

Question 7

Voltage

Answer 7

(GnaEna+GkEk)/(Gna+Gk)

Question 8

Curare

Answer 8

Antagonist to nicotine binding.

Question 9

Excitatory

Answer 9

More likely to induce action potential

Question 10

Inhibitory

Answer 10

Makes it less to have an action potential

Question 11

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

Answer 11

Voltage increase in postsynaptic neuron.
Ech>T
A single EPSP will not always cause t to cross threshold instead they will have to sum

Question 12

Synaptic Delay

Answer 12

The delay between the action potential in the presynaptic neuron and the EPSP in the postsynaptic neuron.
About 1ns

Question 13

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential

Answer 13

Released neurotransmitter makes it harder for the postsynaptic neuron the fire.

Question 14

Voltage gated Ca Channel

Answer 14

Tetramere
Sensitive to voltage and therefore opens with an AP.
Located in the presynaptic neuron and causes Ca to come in which causes the release of neurotransmitter from vesicles.

Question 15

Firing Rate

Answer 15

The action potential frequency. The unit is Hz. 
#impulses/second

Question 16

Excitatory Neuron

Answer 16

A presynaptic neuron that affects the postsynaptic neuron in an excitatory way.
Increase A=increase B
Decrease A=decrease B

Question 17

Inhibitory neuron

Answer 17

A presynaptic neuron that has inhibitory effects on the postsynaptic neuron.
Increase A = Decrease B
Decrease A = Increase B

Question 18

Skin mechanoreceptor

Answer 18

A neuron located on the surface of your skin that is sensitive to touch. It is activates by applied pressure.
Afferent
Tactile neuron

Question 19

IA muscle spindle stretch receptor

Answer 19

Neuron embedded within the muscle that detects when a muscle changes length. The length change causes a change in firing rate.

Question 20

Carotid artery baroreceptor

Answer 20

This measures the pressure in the carotid artery (aka blood pressure). This acts as the sensor in a negative feedback loop that ensures adequate blood to the brain.

Question 21

Knee extensor muscle

Answer 21

The muscle connected to the top of the patellar tendon. This is the muscle that causes the knee reflex because of the activation of the spindle stretch receptors within the muscle.