Neurons

Question 1

Types of neurons

Answer 1

motor, sensory, and relay

Question 2

Motor Neurons

Answer 2

connect the CNS to muscle and glands. Short dendrites and long axons. located in CNS but axons in PNS.

Question 3

Sensory Neurons

Answer 3

carry messages from the PNS (or sensory organs) to the CNS. long dendrites and short axons. located outside CNS in PNS in clusters called ganglia.

Question 4

Relay Neurons

Answer 4

connect sensory neurons to motor or other relay neurons. short dendrites and short axons. located in brain, spinal cord, and visual system primarily.

Question 5

Structure of Neurons

Answer 5

Cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, terminal buttons

Question 6

Cell body

Answer 6

Includes a nucleus which contains the genetic material of cell.

Question 7

Dendrites

Answer 7

Branch like structures that protrude from cell body and carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body.

Question 8

Axons

Answer 8

Carries impulses away from cell body down the length of neuron.

Question 9

Myelin Sheath

Answer 9

covers it in a fatty layer that protects the axons and speeds up electrical transmission.

Question 10

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 10

separated gaps in sheath which speed up transmission by forcing it to jump across the gap along axon, if not there would be reverse effect and slow down impulse.

Question 11

Terminal buttons

Answer 11

communicate with the next neuron in the chain across the synapse.

Question 12

Electrical transmission

Answer 12

when a neuron is in resting state the cell is negatively charged compared to outside, but when neuron activated by stimulus it becomes positively charged causing action potential to occur which creates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon toward the end of the neuron.