Neurons

Question 1

Basic unit of the nervous system

Answer 1

Neuron

Question 2

Extensions of the cell body that is connected to other neurons and takes information in the form of neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Dendrites

Question 3

Long tube where information is transmitted

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

Where information begins

Answer 4

Axon hillock

Question 5

Schwann cell insulators wraped throughout axon

Answer 5

Myelin sheaths

Question 6

Gap between neurons where information is exchanged

Answer 6

Synapse

Question 7

Structural classification of a neuron that has multiple poles and is the most common

Answer 7

Multipolar

Question 8

Structural classification of a neuron that has two poles and is very rare

Answer 8

Bipolar

Question 9

Structural classification of a neuron with a single pole and serves as a sensory neuron

Answer 9

Unipolar

Question 10

Structural classification of a neuron that is primarily found in the brain

Answer 10

Anaxonic

Question 11

Functional classification of a neuron that brings information in through receptors

Answer 11

Sensory or afferent

Question 12

Functional classification of a neuron that sends information to effectors

Answer 12

Motor or efferent

Question 13

Processes and integrates information

Answer 13

Cell body

Question 14

Transmits information to next cell

Answer 14

Axon terminal

Question 15

Bundle of axons travelling together

Answer 15

Nerve

Question 16

If the stimulation the dendrites receive is strong enough, the signal is transmitted along the entire length of the axon

Answer 16

Action potential

Question 17

Threshold voltage of an action potential

Answer 17

-55 millivolts

Question 18

What happens when the neuron is at rest?

Answer 18

Concentration of sodium ions is HIGHER OUTSIDE than inside, and potassium ions HIGHER INSIDE than outside.

Question 19

What does the ionic separation at the cell membrane create?

Answer 19

Chemical gradient

Question 20

The difference in charge across the membrane where there are more positively charged ions outside than inside of the cell.

Answer 20

Electrical gradient

Question 21

The ionic imbalance between the chemical and electrical gradient

Answer 21

Electrochemical gradient

Question 22

Difference in total charge inside and outside the cell

Answer 22

Membrane potential

Question 23

Neuronal membrane at rest’s potential, where the inside of the cell is _____________ less positive than the outside

Answer 23

-70 millivolts

Question 24

When the cell has achieved electrochemical equilibrium

Answer 24

Resting-membrane potential

Question 25

What do ions need embedded in the membrane in order to move?

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

How do ions move?

Answer 26

Ion channels. Through passive diffusion along their concentration gradient

Question 27

What type of ion channel only opens when the membrane potential reaches a certain value?

Answer 27

Voltage-gated

Question 28

What type of ion channel is triggered to open when bound by a specific molecule?

Answer 28

Ligand-gated

Question 29

What type of ion channel opens in response to physical forces?

Answer 29

Mechanically-gated

Question 30

3 states of voltage-gated channels

Answer 30

Open, closed, and inactivated

Question 31

What happens when ions move from one side of the membrane to the other?

Answer 31

The membrane potential moves away from its resting potential.

Question 32

Variable-strength signals that can be conveyed over small distances

Answer 32

Graded potential