Neurons Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

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2
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A
  • Carry messages from the PNS to the CNS
  • Have long dendrites and short axons
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3
Q

What is a relay neuron?

A
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons
  • Have short dendrites and short axons
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4
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A
  • Connect the CNS to effectors such as muscles and glands
  • Have short dendrites and long axons
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5
Q

What is the structure of a neuron?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Dendrites
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Myelin sheath
  • Nodes of Ranvier
  • Terminal buttons
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6
Q

What is the cell body?

A
  • Factory of the neuron
  • Contains the nucleus and produces all of the necessary proteins that a neuron requires to function
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7
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Contains the genetic material within the neuron

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8
Q

What are dendrites?

A
  • Branch-like features that protrude from the cell body
  • Carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body
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9
Q

What is the axon?

A

Carries the electrical impulse from the cell body, down the length of the neuron

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10
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A
  • Fatty layer, which surrounds and protects the axon
  • Helps to speed up the electrical transmission of the impulse
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11
Q

What are the nodes of Ranvier?

A
  • Gaps between the myelin sheath
  • Speed up the transmission of the impulse, by forcing it to ‘jump’ across the gaps along the axon
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12
Q

What are the terminal buttons?

A
  • Located at the end of the axon
  • Communicate with the next neuron that is on the other side of the synaptic cleft
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