neurons Flashcards
list the structure of a neuron
- dendrites
- cell body
- axon
- myelin sheath
- nodes of ranvier
- terminal button
what is the function of dendrites?
Where neurotransmitter receptors are.
Converts chemical signal to electrical signal
what is the function of the cell body?
has nucleus which contains cell’s genetic material
what is the function of the axon?
sends nerve impulse through neuron to transmit message to next neuron
what is the function of myelin sheath?
protects axon and speeds up transmission of message by acting as an insulator
what is the function of nodes of ranvier?
speeds up transmission of message by forcing it to jump across gaps on the axon
what is the function of the terminal button?
sends information to the next neuron by releasing neurotransmitters.
converts electrical signal back to chemical signal
where are sensory neurons located?
the PNS in clusters known as ganglia
what is the function of sensory neurons?`
sends info from the senses (PNS) to the brain (CNS)
receptors found in eyes, skin, ears, tongue
what is the structure of sensory neurons?
long dendrites and short axons
where are relay neurons located?
found in CNS (brain and spinal cord)
what is the function of relay neurons?
connect sensory neurons to motor neurons or other relay neurons
analyse sensations from neurons and decide how to respond
what is the structure of relay neurons?
short dendrites and short axons, no myelin sheath
where are motor neurons located?
cell bodies in CNS but long axons form part of PNS
what is the function of motor neurons?
sends information from the brain/spinal cord (CNS) to effectors (muscles/glands) via long axons
